Child Abuse Prevention - 2380 Words

Child Abuse Prevention I. What is child abuse? Child abuse is a very sensitive issue that needs to by carefully handled. Child abuse is defined as a no accidental injury or pattern of injures to a child for which there is no reasonable explanation. Child abuse consists of different types of harmful acts directed toward children. In physical abuse, children are slapped, hit, kicked or pushed, or have objects thrown at them causing wounds, broken bones, or other injuries. Severe abuse may result in major injury, permanent physical or developmental damage, or even death. Emotional abuse involves humiliation, dishonoring or other acts carried out over time that terrorize or frighten the child. Sexual abuse consists of a wide†¦show more content†¦Sources of Reports Since 1990, statistics shown that 52% of the child abuse reports each year are made by Mandated Reporters. Mandated Reporters have the best opportunity to identify a child abuse problem before it becomes a statistic. A Mandated Reporter may be the only re sponsible adult in a particular childs life. How do you report child abuse? Reporting is a personal and individual responsibility for Mandated Reporters and may not be delegated. However, internal procedures on who makes the report can be established to facilitate reporting and apprising supervisors of the report, as long as the procedure is consistent with, and adheres to the mandates of the law. Internal procedures may be helpful in facilitating reporting when more than one Mandated Reporter observes the same child. For example, three emergency room nurses may tend to the same injured child, or after consultation, a teacher and a resource specialist decide that a report should be made. The internal procedure may stipulate that the person with the most first hand knowledge make the report, and/or the report is made jointly with all parties signing the report, and/or, If more appropriate, each party makes an individual report. If the designated person fails to make a report, the other Mandated Reporter(s) must follow-up and report. If a child comes to you, your job as a Mandated Reporter is to report whatShow MoreRelatedChild Abuse and Prevention1947 Words   |  8 PagesChild Abuse and Prevention Traci Ledford Axia College, University of Phoenix Utilizing Information in College Writing, Com 125 Lea Ann Douglas January 11, 2007 Child Abuse and Prevention . Child abuse is a growing problem and prevention education is the key. There are more children being abused in the United States everyday. People need to learn the sign of abuse, when it is appropriate to report abuse, how to report abuse, and what to do to prevent future abuse. AccordingRead MoreAssessing And Prevention Of Child Abuse766 Words   |  4 PagesPreventing Child Abuse The definition of child abuse varies by state. Although every definition of child abuse must meet certain federal minimum standards, a fine line can still exist between what constitutes abuse and what is a harsh but appropriate punishment. Generally, however, most recognized types of child abuse fall into four categories including physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse and neglect. It is a crime in every state to intentionally or recklessly cause injury to a child. AsRead MoreThe Child Abuse Prevention And Treatment Act1136 Words   |  5 Pagesdefine child neglect and abuse is both criminal and civil. The civil definitions that determine the grounds for intervention by State child protective agencies, at the Federal level, by the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA) January 31, 1974.By the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America and Congress assembled this act may be cited as, â€Å"the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act. Secti on 3 of the Law said† For purposes of this Act the term child abuse andRead MoreChild Abuse Prevention Community Project Essay1590 Words   |  7 PagesChild Abuse Prevention Community Project Child abuse continues to be a significant problem in the United States including Mississippi and Lee County. Child abuse is defined as â€Å"Any recent act or failure to act on the part of a parent or caretaker that results in death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse or exploitation; or an act or failure to act, which presents an imminent risk of serious harm† (Henderson, 2013, p.297). In the following paragraphs we will discuss current child abuseRead MoreChild Abuse Prevention And Treatment Act1400 Words   |  6 PagesChild abuse is when a parent or caregiver, through action or failure to act, causes injury, death, emotional harm or risk of serious harm to a child. According to The Federal Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act, as amended by the CAPTA Reauthorization Act of 2010, at a minimum, child abuse and neglect is defined as, Any recent act or failure to act on the part of a parent or caretaker which results in death, serious physical or emotional h arm, sexual abuse or exploitation; or An act or failureRead MoreThe Child Abuse Prevention And Treatment Of Act1184 Words   |  5 Pages Gimme Shelter The Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Reauthorization Act (2010) Kristan Maxwell Eastern Illinois University April 17, 2015 Movie Title: Gimme Shelter Based on a true story, the movie â€Å"Gimme Shelter† (2013) depicts a 16-year-old named Agnes â€Å"Apple† struggle after leaving her abusive home. Early on in the movie it was evident that Apple wanted better for herself and her future. In the past she had been in multiple shelters, foster homesRead MoreChild Abuse Prevention And Treatment Act1017 Words   |  5 Pagesand often the intervention too late. Abuse and maltreatment of children have similar faces that may go unknown, silent or unseen. Is child abuse different from the today that n the past, which caused an increase of this type of abuse? Many children are unprotected form physical, sexual or emotional abuse, and by parents and friends. Is the problem with the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act that was passed to protect all children from abuse not been enforced? The way the worldRead MoreChild Abuse Prevention And Treatment Act1605 Words   |  7 PagesJoseph Meadowcroft Research Essay Composition 1 Childhood Abuse Every child will certainly have many life experiences before they are mature. A child is very susceptible when developing, at every corner there are dangerous things from the environment surrounding them which might seriously impact their entire life. As definition in the Federal Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act: Child abuse is any action from adult to a child that could be harmful to the child’s body or mental state (kidsmatter)Read MoreCurrent Event : Child Abuse Prevention909 Words   |  4 PagesCurrent Event – Child Abuse Prevention in Idaho On April 9th, 2015, the Boise, Idaho law enforcement agency, students, and social workers joined in alliance with a total of 200 people kicking off the introduction to the Child Abuse Prevention Month on the Capitol steps in Boise. The Nampa Family Justice Center hosted their first annual child abuse prevention march. The march began at the Caldwell police station and proceeded to the courthouse where participants planted a garden of blue pinwheelsRead MoreHealth Disparities And Prevention Of Child Abuse856 Words   |  4 Pagesin the incidences, prevalence, morbidity and mortality in child abuse can be seen when the caregiver becomes aggravated with their situation. Usually an individual with issues within themselves commit child abuse. Prevention of child abuse will never go away sadly approximately 896,000 American children were victims of abuse and neglect and 1,400 children died. Within the four areas, neglect, physical abuse, sexual abuse and emotional abuse lies the problem . By working with the families and educate

Immigration Enforcement The United States - 857 Words

Texas has been an immigrant destination since its founding, but as the rate of Illegal immigration increased. The policy from the federal government has been shifted from openness to increase enforcement to patrol the border and pass more and more laws restricting legal migration in to the country. Since Texas has the longest border with Mexico, enforcing the rules has been tough. In response to the enforcement gap the state has plug the enforcement gap by using local and state enforcement agency to assist the federal government, while at the same time treating the illegal immigrant already in the state with some leniency. According to the Texas Tribune, Texas has over 1 million undocumented immigrants which constitute a huge number compare to other states (Texas Tribune). As a result Texas has been at the Forefront of immigration enforcement while allowing long term migrants to stay and also giving them some state welfare benefits. While the federal government has been cracking down around the border area its resources for internal enforcement has been diverted to the external area. Resulting in the state to pass policy to give the local authority to enforce immigration law internally, but as states like Texas has increase enforcement internally. It has created rift between the state and federal government, according to multiple news sources like CNN the Supreme Court ruling on Arizona s SB1070 law stated that the Supreme Court has declared that immigrationShow MoreRelatedUnited States Immigration And Customs Enforcement1497 Words   |  6 PagesDuring a former era, 20 years ago, the United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement was detaining nearly 400,000 people in private immigration facilities and county jails, annually. California, second to Texas, was one of the states with the largest amount of immigrant detainees. These people were being held prisoners for being immigrants without the proper documentation required for being in the United States. D uring that time there were countless problems that our people faced, which led toRead MoreThe Immigration Enforcement Has Brought On The United States947 Words   |  4 Pagesprominent issue on everyone’s mind is Illegal Immigration. â€Å"Border Enforcement, Organized Crime, and Deaths of Smuggled Migrants on the United States – Mexico Border† by Rob T. Geurette and Ronald V. Clarke analyzes how strong immigration enforcement has brought about the rise of human smuggling along the southern border. The paper starts by providing a baseline of the illegal immigration situation in the prior to the early 1990s. They state that immigration was something of a non-problem. That illegalRead MoreImmigration Enforcement957 Words   |  4 PagesImmigration Enforcement Immigration Enforcement There is an assessed 11 million illegal aliens that are living United States, and this population is projected to upturn by 500,000 yearly. Once a year, about 1 million people that are considered to be aliens are detained when they make the attempt to come in the United States unlawfully. Even though most of these foreigners arrive the United States for financial chances and family reunification, or they are avoiding civil trouble and political unrestRead MoreImmigration and Border Protection1394 Words   |  6 PagesRunning Head: Immigration and Border Protection 1 Immigration and Border Protection of Department of Homeland Security Donald Capak Keiser University Immigration and Border Protection 2 Abstract It is my belief that the dissolution of the former U.S. Immigration and Naturalization and Customs Service and the creation of separateRead MoreThe Problem With Illegal Aliens1291 Words   |  6 Pagesimplemented in the United States, there is still a problem with illegal aliens or immigrants. The U.S. government has spent millions of dollars to secure our southern border but, with that being said, the government has charged the Department of Homeland Security to create and implement new and innovative ways to justify and solidify those polices. 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The  United States Immigration and Naturalization Service  (INS) was an agency of the U.S. Department of Justice from 1933 to 2003. Referred to by some as  former INS  and by others as  legacy INS, the agency ceased to exist under that name on March 1, 2003, when most of its functions were transferred to three new entities –  U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services  (USCIS)Read MoreImmigration And The United States965 Words   |  4 PagesImmigration is what shapes the picture of today’s present-day world. Traveling from country to country for trading and other necessities or personal reasons has been popular since historic times. Immigration means the one way movement of people to a specific country or place. People, or immigrants, move out of their native country for numerous reasons. The aspiration for a better life and future and improved employment opportunities are the key driving forces for immigrants to migrate. The UnitedRead MoreThe Treaty Of Guadalupe Hidalgo Essay1672 Words   |  7 Pagesofficially ended the war between Mexico and the United States. Even though it happene d over 168 years ago, its legacy persists, because the treaty redefined the border and the border region. Under the terms of the treaty, Mexicans who suddenly found themselves living in the United States choose either Mexican citizenship, in which case they would have to relocate south of the new border, or to stay where they were and become citizens of the United States. About 80 percent—a total of seventy-five thousandRead MoreImmigration Restrictions Essay930 Words   |  4 Pages Total inhalation of immigration would not be a healthy choice for the United States. However, setting out for stricter laws to become a citizen is in need. There are over 11.7 million illegal immigrants in the United States (poll 2011). Therefore, having restrictions on immigration overall can help the economy grow, security at airports, docs, borders, and on the streets would not only lessen the illegal immigrants around the country, but supply more jobs for Americans. Illegal immigrants not only

Corporate Governance and Social Responsibility Business Endorsement

Question: Describe about the Corporate Governance and Social Responsibility for Business Endorsement. Answer: The ASX Principles and the Recommendations which have been drafted have benefited the corporations form making the invaluable contributions, corporate governance experts and the listed corporations their directors. There were numerous principles some of which have been mentioned below: Standard 3- Endorse in principled and responsible managerial activity Standard 4- Maintain honesty in monetary treatment Standard 5: Make appropriate and impartial revelation Standard 6: Admiration of the civil liberties of security holders Standard 7: Distinguish and direct danger Standard 8: Compensate moderately and correctly (ASX, 2013). For instance, in the Corporation Rio Tinto an Audit Committee has been formed specifically which has been accountable for carrying out the above mentioned principles. Rio Tintos obligation in order to act accountably plays a vital role for accomplishment of the trade and for the ability of the corporation in order to produce shareholder assessment. During 2015, and at the date of the 2015 Annual statement, the Corporation applied the ASX Standards and have complied with the requirements of the ASX Standards, except in the one of the examples which the corporation have with the compliance of the Code ((Rio Tinto, 2015). The corporation has not as requested by the Code provision C.3.7, have offered out its external audit agreement out to the agreement within the last ten years. In the Annual Report it has been clearly talked about the fact that the workers of the corporation, the committees, also have complied with all the necessities of the ASX Principles. Two of the corporations organization groups with the Executive group and the disclosure group appraise the reports on the daily basis which were connected to the groups power structure in order to gratify the inner direction necessities of the Code and the ASX Standards (Rio Tinto, 2015). Therefore, it can be concluded that the corporation comply with the ASX principles as stated above. References ASX. (2013).Corporate Governance Principles and Recommendations. Retrieved on 18th October 2016 from: https://www.asx.com.au/documents/public-consultations/draft-cgc-3rd-edition.pdf Rio Tinto. (2015). Rio Tinto 2015 Annual Report. Retrieved on 18th October 2016 from: https://www.riotinto.com/documents/RT_Annual_Report_2015.pdf Rio Tinto. (2016). Governance framework and structure. Retrieved on 18th October 2016 from: https://www.riotinto.com/aboutus/governance-framework-and-structure-5229.aspx

The Success of the Roman Army an Example of the Topic History Essays by

The Success of the Roman Army At its height, the Roman Empire has been considered as one of the greatest empires of the Old World. In a span of two centuries, it had stretched its borders to gain control of the Italian peninsula (Manas 24). The driving force behind the success of the Roman Empire was its army. The Roman army was considered to be the ultimate fighting machine of the Old World. At full strength, one Roman legion can be made up of over 10,000 men with 4,200 infantry, 4,200 footmen, 600 horsemen and 300 calvary men called the Eques Legionis. Over time, the soldiers serving in the army were composed of Romans and auxiliaries who are soldiers from the allied provinces of the empire (MacMullen 228; Santosuosso 18). The success of the Roman army in conquering the modern world could be attributed to three prime factors: the weaponry used in combat, their military tactics and the frame of mind of the soldiers. This paper will discuss in detail these three factors. Need essay sample on "The Success of the Roman Army" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed University Students Frequently Tell Us: I'm don't want to write my paper online. I want to spend time with my family Our writers advise: Winning Academic Essay Writing Delivered On Time All Roman soldiers were equipped with three basic weapons: a shield, a sword and two javelins with one lighter than the other. The shield used by a Roman soldier is called a scutum. It is a curved, oblong shield that measures 1.2 meters in height, 75 centimeters in width and weighs about 10 kilograms. It is made up of two wooden sheets joined together and then wrapped with canvass and calf skin. The top and bottom and center parts are made up of iron. The Roman utilizes the scutum both as a defensive tool as well as an offensive weapon. The weight of the scutum allows the Roman soldier to force down an enemy to the ground. As a defense tool, the Roman soldier would anchor the scutum on the ground to protect him while attacking his adversaries. The metal boss in the middle of the scutum protects the soldier from the onslaught of stones, missiles and spears from the opponent (Burns 64,75; Santosuosso 16-17). The primary weapon used by the Romans in battle is a short, double-edge sword called a gladius. The entire sword has a length of 76 centimeters with the blade measuring between 50 and 55 centimeters. The construction of the gladius not only makes it easy for a soldier to maneuver it during close range combat, but it is also more likely to strike an enemys vital organs when it is used in a thrusting motion. This makes the gladius an efficient and lethal weapon (Santosuosso 17). Every Roman soldier is also equipped with two javelins called pila (plural form of pilum). Each pilum is composed of two parts: an iron topped that measures about 135 centimeters long with a flat and polygonal barbed blade at its tip and a long wooden shaft. The iron section is fastened using two rivets in order from preventing the iron section to break off during battle. The rivets also helps the pila in lodging either onto the ground or on the bodies of the enemies firmly that it prevents the soldiers adversaries from using it against them (Santosuosso 17-18). The Romans protected their bodies with bronze breast and back plates fastened with the use of hinges which they have adopted from the Greeks. Eventually, the more affluent members of the Roman army began to use mail armor and Montefortino type helmets. By the middle of the third century, all members of the Roman army began to equip themselves with open-faced helmets made from a single piece of bronze that had a close-fitting bowl to protect the skull and a neck guard slopping down under the ears. This new helmet, adopted from the Samno-Attics, were more effective since it was less tiring to wear and less likely to be knocked askew while the soldier is in transit or in battle. It was also cheaper and easier to make, making mass production possible (Burns 71-74). During a battle, the Roman army was divided into four lines: one line of light infantry called the velites and three lines of heavy infantry. Except for the third heavy infantry line, each line is composed of ten maniples ad two centuries, which is the smallest unit of the Roman army. Each maniple is then deployed in a manner resembling that of a check board. The third infantry line were further equipped with a thrusting spear and were arranged in a close-ordered formation, similar to that of the phalanx formation used by the Macedonians (Burns 65; Santosuosso 18-20). The tactics employed by the Romans in battle is one that provided them as much room for them to maneuver around their enemies as possible. The light infantry was tasked to disorganize the enemy, reveal its vulnerable areas and cause damage from a distance. Only when the light infantry has been successful with this would the heavy infantry bring the battle to the enemy and engage in close quarter combat (Burns 65, 75; Santosuosso 19-20). As the war campaigns lasted longer in more remote areas involving more superior adversaries, modifications were made to make their military tactics more efficient. One of the modifications that they made was the utilization of a larger basic military unit called the cohort which is composed of 600 men. The Romans also studied their enemies military tactics and would use those that they have found effective in later conquests. One such incident was the modification of how the commanders govern their armies after the battle in the Allia where they have discovered that insufficient leadership in the battlefield on the part of the Roman commanders caused the soldiers to be overwhelmed by the Gallic army which resulted in them breaking their ranks during battle (Burns 63-64; Santosuosso 20-21). Perhaps the biggest change to the Roman army was seen in the political will of Emperor Augustus. In it, the emperor had considered the Roman army not as the army of Rome as many have viewed it, but as the army of the Empire. Not only did this change the role of the Roman army as the guardian of the state, but it had also meant that the reigning emperor is also the commander-in-chief of the army as well (Patterson 99; Santosuosso 90). However, what made the Roman army an extremely powerful force were the soldiers themselves. The Roman Empire had a very strong military culture. The Romans revered military achievement above everything else. They were more than willing to give their consent to the Roman army to engage in combat with their adversaries since a successful battle would mean that Rome would gain a new province as well as its wealth and the victory would be a message to their adversaries of their superiority. Moreover, they viewed serving in the Roman army is the greatest service a Roman man can do (Rich 41, 56, 65; Patterson 93, 97). Prior to 107 BC, only the affluent men of Rome are allowed to enlist in the Roman army since their wealth would determine their rank in the army. Eventually, the Roman army was opened to all male Romans citizens except for slaves, adulterers and criminals who were physically healthy, muscular, and alert. As a result, majority of the male citizens of the Empire were involved in military service, making it easy for the army to call on reserves from both Roman citizens and its allies (Patterson 93; Rich 53; Santosuosso 10, 46, 91-92). Once enlisted, a Roman would need to undergo four months training as a recruit. Upon completion of the recruitment period, he would then take his oath in the presence of the gods and the emperor as a full fledge solider of the Roman army. However, the training did not stop after the individual was welcomed into the army. Roman soldiers would practice battle drills continuously to increase the stamina of the soldiers which is crucial in battles. This has made the Roman army into a professional standing army (Patterson 96; Santosuosso 91-92). Since enlistment to the army is voluntary, the empire rewards the soldiers with a number of benefits. These benefits include donations upon retirement as well as their sons being able to enter the Senate once they are of age (Patterson 97). Although the Roman army had always been seen as a symbol of honor, bravery and the army of Rome itself, not the army of the emperor, this had not always been the case. For a time, they had become corrupted and no longer became the guardians of Rome. It was only when Julius Caesar came into power that the Roman army once again regained its good name among the citizens of Rome (Santosuosso 28). Although the Roman army had its shares of defeats and failures, it would be remembered for its discipline and superior military tactics (Santosuosso 21). They were able to conquer their enemies not only by assimilating their tactics and weaponry, but they also began to think like their enemies. It was composed of men who were well-trained in battle and firmly believed that in spite of the bloodshed and loss of life, each battle was for the glory of the empire and for the glory of Rome. In the end, the Roman army entered the pages of history as a symbol of honor, bravery and patriotism, and perhaps the greatest army history has ever seen. Works Cited Burns, Michael T. The Homogenisation Military Equipment Under the Roman Republic. 2003. 04 February 2008. Manas, J. Lessons from the Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire: An Ancient Guide to Modern Project Management. Patterson, John. "Military organization and social change in the later Roman Republic." War and Society in the Roman Word Leicester-Nottingham Studies in Ancienty Society. Ed. John Rich and Graham Shipley Vol. 5. New York: Routledge, 1993. pp. 92-109. NetLibrary. Pellissippi State Tech. Coll. Lib., Knoxville, TN. 04 February 2008. Rich, John. "Fear, greed and glory: the causes of Roman war-making in the middle Republic." War and Society in the Roman Word Leicester-Nottingham Studies in Ancient Society. Ed. John Rich and Graham Shipley Vol. 5. New York: Routledge, 1993. pp. 38-66. NetLibrary. Pellissippi State Tech. Coll. Lib., Knoxville, TN.

State legislators essays

State legislators essays The state legislatures make many decisions that affect our daily lives. State law regulates our workplace, assesses taxes on our department store purchases, and imposes sanitary restrictions on where we eat. In state government, the key elected representatives are the state legislators. It is the state legislators job to reflect the will of the people and protect peoples rights guaranteed to them in the constitution. The states now are particularly active now in enacting legislation that addresses issues of education, crime control, and public welfare. State legislators have been challenged with the job of making school funding equal throughout the state. This is a very difficult task because some school systems are increasingly wealthy, while other systems are increasingly poor and under funded. Public education is not the only difficult task that is left to the state legislators. Crime control, welfare reform, and many other different issues are left up to the state legislatures. One of the most important tasks that take place in state legislature is the passing of laws. In order for a bill to become a law in most states, it must go through a lot of different steps. A bill may first be introduced in either one of the houses, Senate or House of Representatives. A Committee studies the Bill and often holds public hearings on it. A Committee report is read in open session of the House or Senate, and the Bill is then referred to the Rules Committee. The Rules Committee can either place the Bill on the Second Reading Calendar for debate before the entire body, or take no action. At the second reading, a Bill is subject to debate and amendment before being placed on the third reading calendar for final passage. After passing one House, the bill goes through the same procedure in the other House. If amendments are made, the other House must concur. When the Bill is accepted in both Houses, it is signed by the respect...

What Makes Silicon Prairie The Best Place For Startups - CoSchedule

What Makes Silicon Prairie The Best Place For Startups You’ve probably heard startups have to be in Silicon Valley. That’s an understandable assumption. After all, it’s where many of the world’s biggest software successes call home. But, is it really where startups have to be located to be successful? Is it possible, or even probable, that there are other places where you can build world-class software without heading for the coast? For our team at , the answer is a resounding yes. In fact, as a proud North Dakota-based company (you read that right), we’re proof positive you don’t have to leave home to build great software. From local investment opportunities to a skilled and ambitious talent pool, we wouldn’t trade the benefits of our home state to be anywhere else in the world. With more than 8,000 customers located in 100-plus countries around the globe, we think the numbers speak for themselves. So, what makes the Silicon Prairie the best place for ? That’s the question we’ll answer on this episode of #OverheardFrom.What Makes Silicon Prairie The Best Place For Startups? | #OverheardAt Recommended Viewing: Where In The World Is Located? How to Focus on 10X Growth Projects How to Make Your Meetings Effective (And Not Suck) Transcript: Eric: Everyone knows the best place for a startup is Silicon Valley, right? Wrong. Welcome to the Silicon Prairie. Howdy everyone, this is Eric with and welcome to Overheard at , the show where we talk about the things we talk about a . Were flipping the script. Im out in the middle of the beautiful prairie here in North Dakota. Our customers jaws always drop when they find out that s based in Bismarck and I love it. We are merely miles from the geographical center of North America so you know what? How about we find out how the middle of nowhere suddenly becomes the middle of everywhere. All right, were here with Garrett Moon, CEO, Co-founder of . I find this absolutely incredible, Garrett. Were sitting behind the world map. Weve got 8,000 customers in 100-plus countries and were doing straight out of North Dakota, which I love. Youve got to fill in the rs out there, what is this North Dakota advantage? Garrett: Oh, theres tons, besides the weather we also have things like were a technology company in a state thats actively trying to grow in the technology sector, so theres a ton of economic advantages, incentives and things that come our way that way. I think theres also just this dynamic of were able to be a big fish in a little pond rather than being a little fish in a big pond. That helps us stand out, it helps us really differentiate ourselves from other employers and stuff in the state and it gives us a ton of value going forward. Eric: Hi Emma. Emma: Hey Eric. Eric: What do you love about North Dakota? Emma: Obviously the people. Definitely the hot dish. Eric: So good, right? Emma: So good. Third, the jobs. I actually moved here from Florida because of the job opportunities for millennials. Eric: You dont say? Youre so smart, Emma. Emma: Thanks Eric. Eric: Later. Emma: Later. Eric: Hey Jordan. Jordan: Hey man. Eric: Hows it going? Jordan: So good. Eric: Good. Youve been here a whopping month now, is that correct? Jordan: Thats right, yeah. Eric: Okay, this is the perfect question. Im asking folks why North Dakota and why ? Jordan: First of all, killer team, insanely cool product and its nice to be back in our hometown. Eric: Your hometown, youve got to tell me more here. Jordan: Thats right. Wife and I did Minneapolis thing, did the Denver thing, but theres something about being back in your hometown, family around, AKA built-in babysitters thats just too sweet to pass up. Eric: I got it. So built-in babysitter, check. Helping marketers be more productive, check. Helping them get [sound effect] down, triple check. Jordan: Amen. Eric: I feel you. Take care, man. Youve got to love that a state as notoriously known for its cold winters has suddenly become the hotbed for marketing technology. Im Eric with . Thanks for tuning in to Overheard at and our quest to organize the world one marketing calendar at a time. Yee-ha!

US Government Development after Revolution Essay

US Government Development after Revolution - Essay Example After all, this was one of the reasons why Americans revolted against their English masters, to have their basic personal freedoms and political rights for them to enjoy. This is why these principles were enshrined in the U.S. Constitution but there were distinct periods in early American independence when the citizens alternated between liberalism and conservatism. Public attitudes regarding this matter were a reflection of the exigencies of the times back then and influenced by political thinkers. The colonial era (1607 to 1783) was a period when individuals had very few rights in relation to the larger community. The frontier mentality necessitated that individuals have to subsume their rights for the greater good because it was necessary for survival. Many colonial writers, political thinkers and philosophers extolled this virtue but things underwent a radical change after the American war for independence. The revolution was a success and American citizens now had to contend with what to do with their lives and their government. This paper is a short discussion on the developments of the American government after the Revolution. Discussion The United States of America gained complete independence from Great Britain via the Treaty of Paris signed on September 03, 1783 and ratified by the two countries on January 14, 1784. The agreement was notable for a few things, primary of which was it enlarged the boundaries of the new country and the American state legislatures were given the freedom to recognize the rights of real loyalists (former real British subjects) whose lands, estates and properties were confiscated during the course of war. Wording of instructions of the Congress of the Confederation (this was the name of the government back then) left it to the discretion of individual states on how to proceed on this point as it merely stated â€Å"earnestly recommend† without any sanctions for possible violations. As can be seen by subsequent events, some state legislatures reneged on this undertaking by failing to return confiscated properties, refused to pay old debts to former British creditors and confiscated anew some properties supposedly to pay off old debts owed to them by some loyalists. In other words, the prevailing situation after Independence was quite chaotic, as the central government was powerless to impose its will on the states. A good number of the states disobeyed lawful orders at their own will and sole convenience without much fear of penalties from the new federal government. The intervening period between the signing of the Treaty of Paris and the convening of the Continental Congress to finally draft and adopt the Constitution was a time of chaotic conditions in terms of relations between the newly-independent states and central government and a good number of the luminaries of the American Revolution saw the need for a strong or at least, a viable federal government to prevent the nation from breaking up and fragmenting. One of those who saw the dangers was Benjamin Franklin, who advocated for limits on rights of states and individuals to preserve the Union and its hard-won independence (Ward 96). He had the foresight to kno w that a weak central government

Is the Brazilian Social-Democratic Model Replicable Outside of Latin Essay

Is the Brazilian Social-Democratic Model Replicable Outside of Latin America - Essay Example This report explores that majority of the socialists embraced the name of social democrats in order to differentiate themselves from the socialists who are against the idea of democracy. In today’s world scholars think that social democracy is not different from other forms of political ideologies. There are various viewpoints regarding this ideology. Some scholars do not consider this form as a distinctive one; instead they say that it is an unstable mixture of Marxism and liberalism. In other words social democrats do not have their own mottos. On the other hand, the people who support this idea of democracy say that this is a perfect model to implement specific policies and maintain certain principles. These certain principles are to create equality and solidarity among the upper and the lower class. This essay declares that values and social theory are two parts of the ideology that social democracy carries. The values basically signify what should be our social development and social life should be made of. And social theory provides us with the mechanism through which we can control both social development and social life. Freedom, equality and brotherhood were the slogan in the French revolution which gave social democracy its main values. All these can be combined together to form democracy as real democracy creates all of these in a society. In social democracy, work and the right to work are seen as a vital part of people’s life which helps them in the development of not only their professional but also personal and social life. In this theory the main factor of production is the labour as because of labour all other factors of production like raw materials, land, capital and technology are utilized. This in return brings about a boost in economic growth. This also means that it is due to the working conditions that we can determine how the society looks and how well is the economy doing. In today’s world social democrats are favouring the capitalistic market economy which goes hand in hand with a strong government. Human rights and environmental issues have become major goals of many social democratic parties instead of the old-style goal of making a socialist government. Generally, social democrats support a number of agendas that ensure their support for human rights. They strongly support the wide system of social security in order to protect people from poverty and save them from loss of income if they are ill or unemployed. This system is mostly followed in European countries.

Romeo and Juliet and Much Ado About Nothing Essay Example for Free

Romeo and Juliet and Much Ado About Nothing Essay Introduction William Shakespeare was noted for his marvellous works in making plays such as Much Ado about Nothing and Romeo and Juliet. It is these two plays that will be analysed, comparing the love scenes, and showing how women, love, power and marriage in the time of Shakespeare, as his plays have a reflection on some aspects of the culture at his time. Romeo and Juliet In Romeo and Juliet, the lovers which were Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet, had a secret, albeit forbidden relationship, due to their families in an ongoing feud with each other. Juliet, at the young age of 13, was pressured, and eventually commanded to (or else she would be disowned), marry Count Paris. This shows that around the time of Shakespeare, parents could make their daughter, even at young ages, marry a man even if they didnt want to. When Romeo and Juliet first glanced eyes on one another, fell in love and got married, showed how Juliet, defied her fathers wishes for her to marry someone. That he had chose for whatever reason. This showed that women were, at the time of Shakespeare, moving from a male dominated system, to a system where females were becoming self-dependant on their choices, showed when she chose Romeo over Prince Paris. As Capulet discovered the body of Juliet (when she faked her death) her father calls it as having it deflowered his daughter. Deflowered can be taken in two definitions as dictated in the dictionary: _1._ _To take away the virginity of (a woman)._ _2._ _To destroy the innocence, integrity, or beauty of; ravage._ _The American Heritage ® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition  copyright  ©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2003. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved._ In this situation, it can be taken as both, but is more directed towards the second meaning, that Juliet had not reached the full age of a person, robbing her innocence of her young age, robbing her of lifes pleasures. When Romeo discovered the body of Juliet in the Crypt, not knowing that she was only in a drug induced coma, killed himself, in an attempt to join her in the afterlife with poison, while the same thought crossed Juliets mind when she awoke and saw the dead body of her love, Romeo; suiciding with his dagger in the process. This suicide was against the beliefs of Catholics, (which they were a both part of) who believed suicide will lead to Hell, and instead of the Religion of Love, and how the belief was instead that the suicide of two lovers with the intention of meeting one another will lead them to paradise. This showed the love that Romeo and Juliet had for each other; it went beyond the levels set by their families religion, and them crossing into another. Much Ado about Nothing In Much Ado about Nothing, the main characters, Claudio, Hero, Benedick and Beatrice, are each in a relationship. Claudio, who had recently returned triumph at war, falls in love with Hero, the beautiful young daughter of Leonato (the governor of Messina) and the cousin of Beatrice. Claudio discusses with his friend Don Pedro, the nobleman from Aragon about marrying Hero, within a few days of seeing her. The speed in which Claudio wanted to marry Hero is a demonstration of Love at First Sight, which could show how some people at around Shakespeares time, if they liked someone, asked in a short duration of time, to marry him/her. Marriages in this play were straight-forward, with the to-be Husbands being given a chance to decline marrying the other, which was what Claudio exactly did, after being shown what he believed to be shown Hero having sex with another man. With the constant arguments between Benedick and Beatrice in the play, they exchanged numerous vows, comments, offenses; to each other. But they were, in reality, in love with each other, as they exchanged comments that could easily be linked to admitting love such as this: _BENEDICK: What, my_ _DEAR_ _Lady Disdain! Are you yet living? BEATRICE: Is it possible disdain should die while she hath such meet food to feed it as Signior Benedick? Courtesy itself must convert to disdain, if you come in her presence._ This extract from the play shows that although Beatrice and Benedick are trading with each other negative comments, they are doing it in a playful manner, in a way that does not do that much damage, and expresses love. If Benedick truly did not like Benedick, he wouldve not used the word dear when he was addressing Beatrice In the above extract. The language of the time was in such a manner that it was possible to mix love and distain in the same sentence, something that has unfortunately not being carried on into modern English. Love was expressed also by writing poems, such as when Benedick was writing a poem for Beatrice and vice-versa. Although at the end of the play they spoke as if they did not love each other, the poems they wrote each other spoke for what they really had in their hearts. Shakespeares many poems also showed that people showed affection to each other in many forms, like writing poems to each other at around his time. Comparison of the Two Plays Romeo and Juliets love scenes are of young people falling in love. In Much  Ado about Nothing, a similar view is held between Claudio and Hero, but not in Benedick and Beatrice. Their love was more of a traditional way of loving, by slowly finding out if someone they loved had any sincerity towards them; whereas in Romeo and Juliet, they skipped that principle and went straight into the relationship parts of things, and agreed to be married in only one night. Women were presented in Romeo and Juliet as under men, whilst in Much Ado about Nothing they appeared like they had more rights and privileges. However, in both plays, intentions to marry were both conducted; the differences being that Romeo did not ask permission from either his father or Juliets father to get married, and instead only asked her to marry, whilst Claudio had to ask Leonato, Heros dad for her hand in marriage. This showed some people around Shakespeares time were moving from the idea that you had to ask permission to get married, and instead only asked the person they intended to marry for permission. Saying that, the actual marriage ceremony was similar, the difference being that Romeo and Juliet held their marriage privately with no witnesses except themselves and the Friar due to the situation, whilst in Much Ado about Nothing, there was a large group of people witnessing the marriages. This showed that people around that time could have their marriage conducted privately or publicly. The way the characters from both expressed love to each other was different. Romeo and Juliet expressed their love for each other in a very passionate, and fiery way, while Benedick and Beatrice had theirs disguised in the way they spoke to each other, and how they felt to one another. Claudio and Hero had a relationship, although they had a different way of expressing it. They did not make out with each other, nor did they use disguised words, they had a more indirect relationship. This ultimately shows how love was in Shakespeares time; it could be  expressed in many ways, as it is today. Conclusion Romeo and Juliet, and Much Ado about Nothing, were a reflection of Shakespeares times, the way love, power, marriage and women were at the time. His plays portrayed how he interpreted the customs were of the time, as well as give an insight into the language of the time (although he did invent many words into it).

rban Sprawl :: essays research papers

URBAN SPRAWL The definition of urban sprawl according to WORDSMYTH 1.spreading of the urban structure into adjoining suburbs and rural areas. The definition of urban sprawl according to Merriam-Websters on line dictionary :the spreading of urban developments(as houses and shopping centers) on undeveloped land near a city. The definition of urban sprawl according to Dictionary.com The unplanned, uncontrolled spreading of urban development into areas adjoining the edge of a city . My opinion of urban sprawl.The city,containing large tracts of business,commerece,industries,living space,and farming communities.Using more then it needs,replicating new structures and leaving shells.Rehabbing mass living spaces,for the placment of person or persons.Funneling dollars into work projects for the sake of spending.For example I 675 near Dayton, the rehabbing of the Arcade center, and the Salem Mall area. . â€Å"Sprawl is a four letter word† â€Å"I like living next to the city. I can get off my tractor, walk across the street and get a cup of coffee at the UDF in the morning, go next door for lunch at the fast food place, and fill up the John Deere at the Speedway on the way home from plowing the back 40.† Sprawl is a worldwide growth pattern. It is evident in every small to major city, and depending on socioeconomic and cultural patterns can manifest it at different rates. Lets take a look at some examples. Moscow shows a grossly mixed area of farmland, light to heavy industry, and a mixed commerce living space with large groups of apartment buildings. Approximately 30% of the city proper is vacant wasted areas, and there is no effort to reclaim any of this land. This is most likely due to heavy pollution, crime, and the generally poor economical situation. In Mexico City, there is a vast area of poor living conditions within poorer living conditions. Population increase has played a major role in the living conditions along with little employment, poor education, almost no industry, (with the exception of General Motors relocating there) makes Mexico City a vast sprawl of humanity. My focus now moves to the local venue, namely Dayton. I found some interesting information. Between 1970 and 1990 Dayton’s urban area lost 11% of its population while gaining 22% more land. Dayton and adjoining suburbs consumed 118% more land while adding only 22% more people. While there was no significant population increase, drivers in Dayton covered 19% more miles in 1995 then in 1991. There are many reams of facts and figures to support the obvious, sprawl is real.

Performance Review Meeting Essay

What you have learnt from preparing for and carrying out the review I learnt how to set the meeting out, use the correct body language and how you should handle sensitive issues. It also helped me to understand motivation and focusing on strengths and weaknesses of employees and how to communicate effectively and stay in control of a situation. Overall I felt that the preparation leading up to the meeting helped in all of these areas. Studying the theories of Herzberg and Maslow helped me to understand that key areas of motivation and how to incorporate key management skills in order to get the best performance from an employee. Through watching performance management films also during the preparation process, this helped me to focus on my body language throughout the meeting and ensure that I am being perceived in a positive manner and agreeing targets on equal ground not by being too controlling of the situation and forcing decisions upon the individual. What you have learnt from the feedback you have received from your tutor and the individual whom you reviewed I have learnt that I need to ensure to take notes during the meeting. This is especially important when discussing performance plans and setting agreements. This would help me to remember after the meeting what was said so that I could write up a formal development plan for the employee but ensure that all information taken is accurate and that no details are missed. I need to also ensure that I talk slowly and clearly. It was fed back that I talked fairly quickly throughout the meeting, this may have been down to nerves because of the situation, however I need to ensure I remain focused on the task in hand and not what is going on around me to calm my nerves and ensure the employee understands fully the feedback that I am given. Overall I felt the meeting went well. I had good feedback and my body language was portrayed well. I felt I had prepared well and knew what to ask and how to approach the subject of the individual underperforming. I managed to negotiate clear targets for the individual of which we agreed by both parties and motivate the employee by also focusing on past high points as opposed to just focusing on the fact they have not met their targets. How this activity can help you at work I will take the knowledge which I have gained through completing this section into my workplace. I will be able to influence my capabilities through conducting meetings and speaking with employees on a daily basis.

Our Family Wedding Essay

â€Å"Our Family Wedding† tells the story of two families from different races in order to prepare the wedding for their daughter and son that makes them come together in this planning process. There were series of friction and collision plots between those two families. The main reason is because the cultural difference between two sides of family. The family of bride (Lucia) is a traditional Mexican family. And, the family of groom (Marcus) is African-American family. Their habits, life styles, life values and the ways of thinking are totally opposite of each other. There were a lot of cultural differences in the movies. Firstly, Lucia’s father thought that the man should propose marriage to the woman’s parents (Lucia’s father mentioned it to Marcus on their way to buy eggs). Marcus thought that modern society would not be necessary to do it. And then Lucia’s father felt out it’s extremely important to propose that was a kind of respect for the woman’s family. That was a cultural conflicts of the modern American culture and traditional Mexican culture. Maybe that was fully integrated into the different ways of thinking between the earlier generation with traditional thinking and American young people . Secondly, those two engaged young people mentioned that they would like to have a simple wedding when two families discussed how to plan their wedding. However, two families all had their own mind for the wedding which caused a controversy between the two sides. The bride’s family wanted to have a traditional Mexican wedding and the groom’s family wanted to have an African descent wedding. In addition, the cost of the wedding was another big issue during their planning process because of the different customs and traditions. Finally, the young couple made a concession for their wedding (our marriage, their wedding). Their parents agreed to share the cost of the wedding. Thirdly, the question of whether a Catholic-style wedding in the church or the father Paes wedding. Marcus would like to adopt a non-traditional style wedding but was refused by Lucia’s mother and grandmother that is religious beliefs conflict. However, Marcus does not religious believers. As their wedding planner, I would like to discuss the wedding detail with two family separately. I will try to talk about the detail of wedding with each family at one time. And them combine their ideas together to reduce their argue. I am also will tell these two families the traditional culture is important but make a wedding that the engaged couple like will be more important. Cross-culture wedding is kind of special for two families. â€Å"Our Marriage, their Wedding† these words is telling me that those young people’s marriage, but their parents’ wedding. In the movie, the two engaged couple’s families were from different races, and they all wanted to have their own traditional wedding to their daughter and son. The parents from bride and groom all have so many ideas for their children’s wedding. Parents didn’t listen what kind of wedding the young couple wanted to have. These two families were trying to make a wedding that families like not this couple. Because two families have different culture and they wanted to use their traditional way of the wedding. In my opinion, the best way to avoid this situation is two family listen to young people’s idea. If the engaged couple like simple, let them make it. And then two family can celebrate their wedding separately. One for bride’s family, and one for groom’s family.

Examples of Electrical, Thermal Conductors Insulators

Examples of Electrical, Thermal Conductors Insulators   A material that readily transmits energy is a conductor, while one that resist energy transfer is called an insulator. There are different types of conductors and insulators because there are different forms of energy. Materials that conduct electrons, protons, or ions are electrical conductors. They conduct electricity. Usually, electrical conductors have loosely bound electrons.  Materials that conduct heat are thermal conductors. Substances that transfer sound are acoustical conductors. There are corresponding insulators for each type of conductor. Many materials are both electrical and thermal conductors or insulators. However, there are exceptions, so dont assume just because a sample conducts (insulates) ​one form of energy that it behaves the same for other forms! Metals typically conduct both heat and electricity. Carbon conducts ​electricity as graphite, but insulates as diamond, so the form or allotrope of a material can be important. Examples of Electrical Conductors silveraluminum foilgoldcoppergraphitesteelbrassbronze Examples of Electrical Insulators glassplasticrubberporcelainairpure waterdry paperdry wood Examples of Thermal Conductors diamondsilvergold Examples of Thermal Insulators polystyrene foamwatermineral woolplastic

4 Top Tips for the Common App Honors Section

4 Top Tips for the Common App Honors Section SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips When you’re applying to college, each part of your application counts. You want to maximize every opportunity to make yourself stand out from the thousands of other applicants vying for a spot at the school of your dreams. One of the many places you can distinguish yourself is in the Common App Honors section. In this article, we’ll talk about what the Honors Common App section is and how to maximize it to show your best work. What Is the Honors Common App Section? You can find the Honors section in the Education section of the Common App. The instructions for this section are simple: you can list up to five honors in 100 characters or less. You’ll need to indicate the name of the honor, the years you received it, and the level of the honor: school, state/regional, national or international.A school-level award means that only the students in your school could qualify for that award. A national-level award means that students in your country could qualify for that award. The larger the pool of potential applicants, the more impressive your award will seem. You’ll want to lead with your most impressive awards first. What Count as Honors for the Common App? You might be wondering what should be listed in the Common App honors section and what should be listed elsewhere - in your activities, for example. In general, honors that are tied to your extracurricular activities should be listed in the activities section, while those that aren’t connected to a specific activity should be listed in the honors section. For example, if you earn a varsity letter for the football team, you can put that in the activities section, because it’s directly related to an activity at school. If you’re a National Merit Semi-Finalist, on the other hand, you’ll want to include that in academic honors, since it doesn’t easily tie to a specific activity. 4 Tips for What to Include in the Honors Common App Section You don’t have a ton of room on the Common App to list and describe your honors, so you should keep it brief and use the space allotted as strategically as possible. Here are tips for what to include and how to write in the Common App honors section. #1: Lead With Your Most Impressive Achievements You should lead with your most impressive achievements and make sure that only the best honors make it onto your application. Don’t, for instance, include that you were voted â€Å"Most Likely to Forget When Graduation Is† by your peers- stick to real honors that you had to compete to get. #2: Describe the Award If It’s Unclear While national awards like National Merit are self-explanatory and obvious to the admissions committee, city or school-level awards might not be. Use the 100 characters of space to describe what it is and why isn’t important, like so: â€Å"Julius Caesar Award for the Highest Latin Score in All of Rome.† You should avoid using acronyms unless they’re widely recognizable (think SAT-level recognizable); otherwise, they’ll just confuse the admissions committee and take away from your achievement. #3: Indicate the Level of Competitiveness Show off! Use your character limit to show why the award was important. If you won money, say so! If you were selected as one out of 15,000, own it! The more competitive you make the prize (particularly for city and school level honors), the more your application will stand out. #4: Be Honest It should go without saying, but don’t lie on your application just to make yourself sound better. Not only is that a scummy thing to do, it can result in some serious punishments. You’re already a stellar applicant - focus on your real achievements, rather than your fake ones. Recap: Filling Out the Common App Honors Section The Common App honors section is a great place to call attention to your different achievements. Don't be shy - celebrate the hard work you've done and the recognition you've received for said hard work! What’s Next? Wondering how to prepare for your college interview? Check out this list of college interview tips to be sure you know exactly what to prepare for during your interview. Headed to an interview soon? This list of questions to ask a college interviewer will help you get the most out of your experience. Are you worried about standardized tests and their role in your college application? Read this article to find out when these tests might not matter for you.Also take a look at this list of colleges that don't require SAT scores. Want to build the best possible college application? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in.

History The World Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

History The World - Essay Example China enjoyed its last golden age under the Ming dynasty, which was characterized by economic, political, and cultural revolutions. Under Zheng’s leadership, the Chinese navy developed tremendously and carried out numerous explorations around the world. This essay explores the different ways in which people experienced their giant Chinese neighbor. The essay also explores reactions towards the Chinese self-contained civilization. Chinese growth and prosperity had significant influence on its neighbors, particularly India and Korea. During the era of imperial China, neighboring people considered China a source of intellect. The height of Chinese inventions in science and technology was realized during the Tang and Song dynasties. The Tang dynasty is considered the most prosperous dynasty in terms of science and technology. Remarkable inventions during the two dynasties can be traced in the fields of agriculture, medicine, marine and transport. Although the Chinese community made the invention for their own interests, most of the inventions trickled down to their neighbors in a variety of ways. Firstly Chinese neighbors experienced Chinese inventions through military conquest. China remained aggressive towards its neighbors throughout the history of the ancient Chinese monarchies. Chinese inventions led to dramatic expansions in its military capabilities, which promoted numerous raids on its weaker neighbors. The concept of Confucianism founded during the Yuan dynasty is also a pillar of Chinese philosophy and intellectual freedom. The concept advocated for individualism and innate morality and, had significant impact on Chinese neighbors. Neo-Confucian social and government structures can be traced among most of the Chinese neighbors such as Japan and Korea. The giant neighbor exerted numerous pressures on the nearby neighbors to a point of creating conflicts. Although

Mueller-Lehmkuhl GmbH Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mueller-Lehmkuhl GmbH - Case Study Example The present research has identified that the Mueller-Lehmkhul production process for instance consists of machining and tooling departments which are mainly set aside for producing attaching machines. The other step involves prototyping and designing for the attaching machines. Additionally, there is purchase of the required parts consisting of engines and motors which are cast to the specifications according to a local iron casting enterprise. The next step involves wielding followed by the process of assembling. Testing is also very crucial as it sets apart value added products from the non-value added products before they are sold. The fastener production process is characterized by three core steps that include-stamping, assembly and finishing. The existing cost system can be referred to as activity based costing or ABC which uses a number of mixes of volume based activities and other activities that are non-volume based. The activity based costing takes into account the fact tha t there are changes in technology and production methods and that there is a high rate of new products emerging into the market that has resulted in a change in overheads like IT and quality control. The ABC approach is able to allocate these overheads in a more accurate manner by classifying overheads into groups that are influenced by homogenous activities. The groups are called cost pools while the activities that drive the costs are known as cost drivers.

Rewriting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Rewriting - Essay Example Talbot gives an example of atashi and boku in the Japanese language. Women use the first one while men use the second one to mean the same thing â€Å"I.† Although the people who speak Japanese language can tell the difference, other people may claim that the two terms have different meanings. The same case applies to other societies such as the Carib Indians. According to Johnson and Tannen, behavioral differences across genders affect speech presentation. Men and women have different roles in the families and in the society too. Therefore, women have a tendency of talking about family and social issues as opposed to men, who tend to spend more time talking about politics and work related issues. These differences, according to Johnson and Tennen (p.53), come out as power differences. Men are considered superior to women since they are involved and often discuss more important issues concerning work and society. Women on the other hand, are considered less powerful since they discuss family and personal issues. Men take the center stage in the conversation. They seem to initiate and control the discourse of any conversation. Women will join in the conversation when they are allowed or when it is necessary to do so. These differences in conversations are seen as power differences. 2. Provide several examples of politically-correct (or bias-free) language as discussed by Kakutani and of doublespeak as discussed by Lutz. Discuss some of the motivations in each case for why such changes in language have been proposed/ used. What are some of the ways in which politically correct language and doublespeak are different and some of the ways in which they are similar? With the increasing need for observing gender and political sensitivity, choice of words becomes necessary. According to Kakutani, there exists politically correct language that is used to avoid political bias. Some of the most common bias words include master, fellow, king, lord among others (p. 517).

Financial Analysis of Sainsburys

Financial Analysis of Sainsburys The report is divided into four parts. Firstly, using ratios as a tool will help in analyzing and evaluating the financial performance of the Sainsbury obtained from the 2008 and 2009 annual report. To show the pattern of Sainsburys financial performance for the year 2007 to 2008 a trend analysis will be prepared. Also, developments in the supermarket industry will be analyzed and evaluated for the year 2008 and 2009. Moreover, a What If analysis of the probable financial performance of Sainsburys, had the downturn not occurred. Lastly, conclusion of the report will be discussed how Sainsburys handled the downturn situation to reduce the effect on its financial performance and disclose if the company was prepared. INTRODUCTION The Food retailing Industry is a huge and fast growing industry in UK .It is a complex and is a diverse market dominated by various corporate giants such as Tesco, ASDA, J Sainsburys. Price and quality of goods are the two key elements which the companies keep in mind to increase their sales and defend their position in this competitive market. In the year 2009, food retailing recorded sales figures of GBP 297,478.9 million, along with providing employment to 11.6% of the workforce in UK (Euro monitor, 2010). It is forecasted, by the year 2014 the sales would cross GBP 350,000 million (Euro monitor, 2010). This assignment focuses on the third largest food retailer store in UK, i.e. J Sainsbury. Sainsbury is a super market which will operates its business in retail sector from the year1869. Sainsbury is started by James and Mary Ann Sainsburys. Sainsbury today operates a total of 827 stores comprising 537 supermarkets and 335 convenience stores(J Sainsbury 2010) .With their presence in various other markets such as financial services and Property management, grocery retailing remains their core business. In an industry which employs over 3,335,000 people and with sales figure of GBP 137,590 million (Euro Monitor), Sainsbury enjoys a market share of 16% and serving 19 million customers weekly with a product offering of 30,000 ( J Sainsbury, 2010). QUESTION 1- An analysis and evaluation of the data available in the organizations annual reports. 30% SAINSBURYS RATIOS ANALYSIS According to Maclaney and Atrill (2002), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ratios provide an overview of the businesss financial condition. Similarly, Wood (2002) stated, Ratio analysis is a first step in assessing an entity. The effects of the downturn experienced by Sainsbury are demonstrated by the following ratios below. A three year trend analysis will focus on Sainsburys performance two years prior to the downturn and the two years during the downturn. PROFITABILITY RATIOS Maclaney and Atrill (2002, p. 197) stated, Profitability ratios provide an insight to the degree of success in achieving the purpose of the business. RATIOS 2008 % 2009 % 2010 % Gross Profit Margin 5.62 5.48 Net Profit Margin 1.84 1.52 2.9 ROCE(Return on Capital Employed) 7.10 9.46 10.21 GROSS PROFIT MARGIN This ratio tells us about how businesses control its production costs or manage its margins which are made from buying and selling of products. Gross margin is mainly quite stable (in percentage). Gross profit= [Gross Profit / Revenue] x 100 (expressed as a percentage) NET PROFIT MARGIN Net profit tells us about the profitability after all cost are included. It shows what percentage of turnover is repeated by net profit. Net Profit margin= Profit before interest and tax/ sales or turnover X 100 Net Profit Margin increased from 2.97% to 3.56% from 2008 to 2009 which is a 16% increase and by 0.53% over 2006 to 2009. The net profit margin shows how well Sainsburys control its overheads. These increases continue despite the economic slowdown showing their financial power. Because strategic plans were properly planned and executed and sales volume increased without increasing costs. RETURN ON CAPITAL EMPLOYED ROCE is sometimes referred to as the primary ratio; it tells us what returns management has made on the resources made available to them before making any distribution of those returns. ROCE=Net profit before tax, interest and dividends (EBIT) / total assets (or total assets less current liabilities An investor might compare the return on capital employed with the possible return if the money was invested elsewhere. ROCE from 2009-2010 increased from 9.46% to 10.21% mainly because of profit achieved from disposal which is used to finance overall operations. From 2008 to 2009, ROCE decreased by 2.36% because of oil related costs and increased business rates. Therefore, Sainsburys have to plan out some measures to get more profit from the business to attract investors. LIQUIDITY RATIOS ANALYSIS According to Robinson et. al (2009, p.795) liquidity ratios are Financial ratios measuring the companys ability to meet short-term obligations. RATIOS 2008 % 2009 % 2010 % Quick Ratio 0.39 0.31 0.41 Current Ratio 0.65 0.55 0.66 QUICK RATIO Also shows the same above, but excludes stock, which may be difficult to turn into case is some circumstances. Quick Ratio= Current assets less stock / Current liabilities If the quick ratio of the business is less than 1:1, it signifies that the current assets are less and will not cover its current liabilities. It can be seen from the above table that the entire quick ratio are less than 1:1. Again, retailers have their strong cash flow. They can operate comfortably with acid test ratios of less than 1. Nevertheless, Sainsbury has a remarkable debtor payment period and recovered debts quickly even during the downturn. CURRENT RATIO It shows whether the business can pay debts due within one year from assets that is expected to turn into cash within one year. Current Asset= Current assets/ Current liabilities From the above table it means that Sainsbury has sufficient assets to match their current liabilities. The current ration in 2009 dropped marginally below the companys average. The reason for current assets to decrease is by mostly investing thoroughly in long term ventures or because current liabilities are growing at a faster rate than current assets. Sainsbury used their liquid assets to finance their business through marketing and promotions to make it profitable, hence profitable during the downturn. ACTIVITY RATIOS ANALYSIS Robinson et. al (2009, p.789) stated, Activity ratios are ratios that measure how efficiently a company performs day-to-day tasks, such as the collection of receivables and management of inventory. RATIOS 2008 2009 2010 Fixed Asset Turnover Inventory turnover ratio FIXED ASSET TURNOVER RATIO Fixed assets turnover indicates the sales being generated by the fixed asset base of a company, like ROCE, it is sensitive to the acquisition, age and valuation of fixed assets. Fixed asset turnover = Sales or Turnover / Fixed assets INVENTORY TURNOVER RATIO This ratio shows how long it takes for a company to turn its stocks into sales. The shorter the stock days ratio, the lower the cost to the company of holding stock, the value of this ratio is very dependent on the need for the stock and so will vary significantly depending on the nature of a companys business. Inventory turnover ratio = [Stock or inventory / cost of sales] X 365 INVESTMENT RATIOS ANANLYSIS RATIOS 2008 2009 2010 Return on Equity 6.54 5.23 9.51 Earnings Per share 17.4 p 21.2 p 23.9 p RETURN ON EQUITY Return on equity shows how much profit a company earned in comparison to the total amount of shareholder equity found on the balance sheet. For example: profit after taxation and taxation Return on equity= Earnings after tax and preference dividends / Shareholders funds From the above table it seems in the 2009-2010 Sainsburys ROE ratio is very high 9.51 as compare to last year 2008-2009 it was 5.23. This means Sainsburys has earned a good profit and shareholders are willing to invest money in the company and can get better dividend. EARNINGS PER SHARE Earnings per share measures overall profit generated from each share in existence over a particular period. Earnings per share= Earnings after tax and preference dividends / Number of issued ordinary shares. According to the financial statement of Sainsburys the company has issued more shares in all three years 2008 to 2010, that the reason Sainsburys Earnings per share has increased in 2009-2010. The number of shares has increased with the increase in profit. GEARING RATIO RATIO 2008 2009 2010 Gearing ratio 44.62 53.27 48.93 Interest cover 4.75 3.64 6.56 GEARING It shows the debts weight in the capital employed. For example: long term lease agreements involve fixed payments and may be added to both non-current debt and capital employed. Gearing= Long-term debt / Capital employed X 100 From the above table it seem there is increase in gearing ratio from 2008-2009 which means they have many debts to pay. It is difficult to invest money in this year. But, there is decrease in gearing ratio from 2009-2010 which is 4.34 less from last year. So it means it is less risky to invest money this year as Sainsbury do not have many debts to pay. INTEREST COVER This ratios tells us how business can cover the interest payment Interest Cover= Profit before interest and tax / interest charges In the year 2008-2009 the ratio is very reduced which states that Sainsburys do not have sufficient profit to pay interest to its debtor. However, in 2009-2010 the ratio improved which means that Sainsburys earned huge profit and can pay interest to its debtors. LIMITATION OF RATIO ANALYSIS Ratios are very important part in the business. However, there are certain limitations to be aware of: Ratios are only reliable as the data that has been entered. Ratios analysis is calculated from past data and will not help in predicting future. Use of quantitative data- qualitative factors such as skills of the management, rate of change in market and industrial record are also need to b considered. Figures in balance sheet only relate to that day- changes every day and the one chosen on the day may not be typical and thus ratios calculated from that data are not necessarily correct. (http://intranet.bpc.ac.uk/courses/Main/GCE/SfcP/BS/ALevel/limitra.htm) COMPETITORS RATIO ANALYSIS TESCO COMPANY PROFILE Tesco was started by Jack Cohen in 1919. Tesco is biggest food retailer in the world, having 2482 stores in UK and giving employment to more than 472000 people (287669 in UK) who serve millions of customer around the world. Tesco has a largest market in UK, where it operates under signs of Extra, Superstore, Metro and Express. Tesco offers more than 40000 products to customers including clothing and other non-food lines. Tesco enjoy a market share of 31% in UK and operates its business in 13 countries across Europe, Asia, and the United States. Tesco main focus is to provide excellent service to all customers (Tesco, 2010). In the 2010, food retailing recorded sales figures of 42.3 billion (Tesco, 2010) RATIO COMPARISON BETWEEN SAINSBURYS AND TESCO RATIOS SAISNBURYS (2010) TESCO (2010) Current Ratio 1.56 2.93 Quick Ratio 0.41 0.56 Interest Cover 6.1 5.7 ROCE(Return On Capital Employed) 10.21 13.06 Operating Margin 3.56 5.17 Dividend Cover 2.12 2.14 Gross Gearing 48.93 90.94 Return on Equity 9.51 12.04 As per the research and study about the different financial ratios of the two food retailing company in United Kingdom. If we compare the current asset of Sainsburys is 1.56 and Tesco is 2.93 which is 1.37 less from Tesco. Sainsbury need to improve its current ratio by increasing its current assets relative to its current liabilities. Sainsburys can recover its current assets by controlling its companys credit and can recover its current liabilities by reducing short-term creditors. If we compare the quick ratio of Sainsburys is 0.41 which is less than 0.14 as we compare it with Tesco quick ratio 0.56. The decline in Sainsburys quick ratio may have resulted from investing in long term activities. Tesco has enough funds to pay off his liabilities. Both Sainsbury and Tesco have strong balance sheet, interest cover for Sainsbury is 6.1 and on the other hand Tesco its 5.7 which is slightly low from Sainsbury. However, Sainsbury appears to be little better. This collateral allows them to borrow at lower rate and generate cash via sale and lease back schemes if they are in a pinch. Tesco coverage ratio has fallen from 10.6 to 5.7 now because of raising debt in a low interest environment. Return on capital employed (ROCE) of Sainsburys is 10.21 and on the other hand Tesco it is 13.06 which is 2.85 high from Sainsburys. There can be couple of reasons for Tesco of its high ROCE: net profit is increasing without an increase in capital employed or sale revenue is increasing without an increase in cost. Sainsbury have to think about some measures to attract more investors. Operating margin of Sainsburys is 3.56 which is less than 1.61 from Tesco 5.17 operating margin. From the above table we see gearing ratio of Sainsbury is 48.93 and on the other hand Tesco it is 90.94, about 42.01 less from Tesco which means from an investor point of view it is risky to invest in the Sainsburys company. From the above table we see Return on equity of Sainsburys is 9.51 and on the other hand Tesco it is 12.04 which is 2.53 high from Sainsburys. It showed that Tesco has earned high profit and shareholders willing to invest more money in the company and can get better dividend paid. QUESTION 2- An analysis and evaluation of the development in the financial markets during the last two years with reference to their effects on your chosen organization. 20% RECESSION is a normal part of a business phase, though, one-time crunch events can cause the onset of a recession. In the global recession of 2008-2009, many large financial institutions bought their attention to the risky investment strategies. As a result Recession is a normal (albeit unpleasant) part of the business cycle; however, one-time crisis events can often trigger the onset of a recession. The global recession of 2008-2009 brought a great amount of attention to the risky investment strategies used by many large  financialinstitutions, along with the truly global nature of the financial sytem. As a result of such a wide-spread global recession, the economies of virtually all the worlds developed and developing nations suffered extreme set-backs and numerous government policies were implemented to help prevent a similar future financial crisis. A recession generally lasts from six to  18 months, and  interest rates  usually fall in during these months to stimulate the economy by offering cheap rates at which to borrow money. (http://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/recession.asp) Answer Sainsburys works in a highly competitive market. The UK food retailing industry is mainly ruled by four big players- Tesco, Asda, Sainsbury and Morrisons. Together they all control approximately 75% of the UKs market. Market leaders are adopting low cost strategy which is benefited to consumers and increasing demanding. High competition in market makes market leaders to become highly innovative to grow market share by focusing on value, price, advertising and customer satisfaction. Diagram DEVELOPMENT IN THE UKS SUPERMARKET INDUSTRY The supermarket in the UK are no longer controlling themselves to just supplying food products to consumers. In 2008, financial downturn made supermarket industry to spread their risks at a time when food inflation climbed, to diverse into areas such as finance, mobile and broadband markets. This diversification provides opportunities to slowdown sales in food product, as they achieve sales in other areas. In 2008, the supermarket industry recorded  £123 billion in consumer spending a huge difference when compared to  £119.8 billion in 2007. This show clearly to remain competitive their strategies and financial strength were successful during the downturn period. .PESTAL ANALYSIS POLITICAL FACTORS Taxation Policy- rate of corporation tax was decreased by government from 30% to 28%. This means supermarkets profit will be greater by saving substantial amount of money. Government interference- government put his rights of price fixing among major supermarkets which poses a threat as they may have to control prices. ECONOMIC FACTORS Increase in employment- in UK employment figures rise to 164,000 in 2008. Inflation- because of fall in prices of crude oil, inflation rate decreased. Rate of interest- interest were decreased by 2% in 2008, consumer spending were increased. Disposable income- real disposable income can be squeezed as ONS discovered that with earnings growth on a downward trend due to the failing labour market families. This can affect the supermarkets sales. SOCIAL FACTOR Lifestyle changes- people are becoming more health conscious and purchasing healthy foods. During the downturn, people started preparing home cooked meals rather eating out which is expensive due to food inflation. TECHNOLOGY FACTORS Increase in Technology- new technology was adopted to make the service convenient and customer satisfaction which lead to a competitive advantage and increase sales. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS Green issues- by using less plastic, recycling wastes and adopting environmental friendly procedures, supermarkets are investing in green issues. Profit are used for this issue but increases sales as more customer demand for environmental friendly products. LEGAL FACTORS Restriction on foreign trade- customer demand for substitutes as goods are becoming more expensive due to imports taxes and tariffs. . EFFECTS OF FINANCIAL MARKET ON SAINSBURY EXCHANGE RATE Weakened sterling caused decrease in the UK exchange rate during 2008-2009. From April 2008 to December 2008, continued decline reaching at 1.0219 GBP which made exported goods cheaper but imported goods were more expensive causing adverse effect on businesses. Sainsburys most food products are imported, with British pound still on Back foot (Coventry 2010), buying products from others countries will be more expensive. This will result in high purchasing costs; ultimately customers have to suffer this. (http://www.economywatch.com/exchange-rate/uk-pound-sterling.html) In 2008, Sainsbury experienced a slow growth when compared to past results. Due to the downturn Sainsbury adapted some measures to increase its profitability in 2009. Some of the changes they made are discussed below. Increase in food inflation, rise in employment and decrease in disposable are the effects of the downturn that made Sainsbury to adapt some changes for a better performance. Household budget were under burden from the effect of the downturn. Sainsbury had to reduce the cost of basic products which customer faced as the biggest squeeze of income in 50 years. To improve layout, increase space, future hedge with suppliers and reduce unnecessary cost, marketing strategy need to be shifted to focus more on cost as well as adjust value chain. As customers were demanding low cost products, Sainsbury adjusted according to demand. Interest rate and CPI annual inflation rate decreased and standard of living changes are also the effects of downturn. Due to decreased interest and CPI inflation rate it benefited Sainsbury as more customers were able to take advantage of lower borrowing. Sainsbury took advantage of this by reducing prices and strengthened marketing of their cheaper own label products. People living of standard changes as the economy dipped, more people decided to make home cooked meals just to reduce the cost attached to eating out. Penny pinched consumer were dependant on Sainsbury to provide low cost vegetables and meats. Competitive rivalry and customer reliability caused Sainsbury to focus more on price, value and advertising while strengthened excellent customer service. Sainsbury annual report (2009) specified that a clear strategy was developed to focus on five areas: Great product at fair prices Additional marketing channels to reach more customers Increase growth of non-foods items Increase space and property management QUESTION 3- What if analysis of the possible financial performance that might have existed had the downturn not occurred. 30% Sainsburys always been challenging to adopt any changes in the market. The condition of the Sainsburys was not bad during the recession period but there were some changes that Sainsbury need to adopt so as to remain competitive. Lets make out what will be the condition of Sainsburys what if there was no financial downturn. Exchange rate would not have decreased which made import goods cheap and export goods expensive. Buying products from other countries would be cheap and because of the high prices of products customer will not be suffered. Decrease in food inflation would not have affected family budget plan which were in downturn period. Basic products were being available at low cost and customers dont have to shift their standard of living as they no more will be dependent on the home cooked products. Sainsburys made a lot of profit during the recession period, if there was no recession Sainsbury would have earned more profit. As the Sainsburys policies are so strong during its recession time they were earning huge profits. So Sainsbury should not change its policy so as to earn more profit because customer are willing to pay high prices for the quality products. As of financial crises Sainsburys manpower were decreased and less people were willing to more work than what was expected on less salaries. If there were no recession then things would have been different, employees would be getting sufficient salary and would have been willing to give best performance. Recruitment opportunity would be more to recruit new employees in the organisation. Due to the competition in the market it leads Sainsbury to focus more on prices and value strengthening excellent services. Sainsburys made some measures to remain competitive. If there were no financial downturn then customers would not have to pay high prices for the products. If there were no downturn then Sainsburys dont have to improve its layout, increase space, future hedge with suppliers and reduce unnecessary cost. Marketing strategy need not to be shifted to focus more on cost instead of giving better services or high quality products to customers. CONCLUSION If we compare the financial performance of Sainsburys from the year 2008 to 2010, we can say it is rising as a company. Sainsburys is earning huge profit every year. There are increasing the share in the market and market is interested in investing the money. There are many improvements that need to be considered if we compare the data from the year 2008 to 2010. Though, if we compare the financial performances of the Sainsburys and Tesco it can be said that Sainsburys are still far behind Tesco. The ratio figures of Tesco states that Sainsburys still need to do strong planning so as reach near Tesco. In the competitive market, investors have a choice of investment.

The Political Performance of Motherhood: Las Madres de Plaza de Mayo Es

The Political Performance of Motherhood: Las Madres de Plaza de Mayo During the Argentine dictatorship known as the Dirty War (1976-1983), thousands of people were systematically abducted by the government in order to eliminate all opposition to the regime. These "disappearances," which the dictatorship never admitted to committing, happened across class and age lines, but most of the kidnapped were young students and blue-collar workers. Despite the fact that associations and meetings of any kind were forbidden, a group of housewife mothers decided to protest the disappearance of their children. They began to gather every Thursday afternoon at the same time in the main square in Buenos Aires, Plaza de Mayo, walking alone or in pairs to avoid being arrested for disorderly conduct and wearing white kerchiefs on their heads to be easily identifiable. By showcasing their grief in public, the Madres de Plaza de Mayo turned their motherhood into a performance, and their bodies into political tools, to hold the government accountable. A 1985 Oscar-nominated documentary by Lourdes Portillo and Susana Muà ±oz, named after the group, not only recorded the Madres' performance of their collective identity, but was also instrumental in providing a broader audience for said performance. Traditionally, motherhood in Latin America is restricted to the realm of the private. Diana Taylor explains that "'public' women [...] are considered prostitutes or madwomen—that is, nonmothers, even antimothers," while "good mothers are invisible," (1) because they stay home with their children. However, the Madres carved for themselves a third position that broke this dichotomy, going on to become "one of the most visible political discourses of resist... ... Works Cited: Butler, Judith. "Gender is Burning: Questions of Appropriation and Subversion." Bodies That Matter: On the Discursive Limits of Sex. New York: Routledge, 1993. 121-140. Fregoso, Rosa Linda. "Lourdes Portillo: The Devil Never Sleeps and Other Films." University of Texas. 2001. hooks, bell. "Is Paris Burning?" Black Looks: Race and Representation. Boston: South End, 1992. 145-156. Las Madres de Plaza de Mayo. Dir. Lourdes Portillo and Susana Muà ±oz. Videocassette. Xà ³chitl Films. 63 min. Navarro, Marysa. "The Personal is Political: Las Madres de Plaza de Mayo." Power and Popular Protest. Latin American Social Movements. Ed. Susan Eckstein. 1989. Taylor, Diana. "Trapped in Bad Scripts: The Mothers of Plaza de Mayo". Disappearing Acts. Spectacles of Gender and Nationalism in Argentina's "Dirty War." Duke Univ. Press: 1997. 183-222.

Jack Daniels

Jack Daniel's Case Analysis I. Identify Symptoms 1. Jack daniel traditionally gave the slop for free for decades, then established a price of $2 per thousand gallons, and then raised to $4. Because of the low prices and availability of the feed, farmers began to expand their business. Water was being polluted by the excess amount of cattle being raised. 2. Jack Daniel informed farmers it would stop delivery until proper environmental improvements are made. However, there was no formal written contract stating Jack Daniel will continue delivering the slop. . A low demand of whisky occurred, because consumers turned to lighter beverages. This resulted in Jack Daniel’s â€Å"dry house† method which disposes of thick slop.4. Layoffs were made in Jack Daniel. 5. Angry employees may form a union 6. Farmers were angry, having no slop to feed their cattle. 7. The farmers moved the feedlots and improved the environmental conditions. Farmers state that Jack Daniel promised them s lop if they fixed the water pollution problem. 8. Jack Daniel denies making such promise. II. Root Cause . There is no written contract between the farmers and Jack Daniel stating the terms and commitments they have for each other, such as, Jack Daniel providing the thick slop for the farmers for affordable prices, and the farmers preserving the environment. III. Stating the issue 1. What actions should be implemented in order to meet each side’s needs, while keeping both Jack Daniel and the farmers’ businesses afloat? IV. Alternatives 1. Jack Daniel could return to selling its traditional whiskey with thick slop.In doing so, it could raise the price of thick slop to the farmers to cover the expenses it takes to make it. Positive: The farmers can feed the cattle. Negative: a. The feed will not be at a bargain price which will lead to farmers looking for alternatives. This result to more tension between the farmers and Jack Daniel. b. Jack Daniel will only be wasting it s time and money in making the whiskey because demand for it has dropped. . The farmers should find an alternative feed for the cattle. Positive: a. Jack Daniel will continue to make its dry house method with no thick slop and keep its business afloat. b. The tension between the tow might break. Negative: a. Farmers will have to seek alternative means of feeding the cattle and may have to down size its recent growth. b. Tension might only increase. 1.Jack Daniel could hold to its promise that it would stop delivery unless the farmers made environmental improvements, which the farmers invested heavily on doing so. Positive: a. Tension will clear between the two. b. The farmers will have their feed. Negative: a. No written contract made. Jack daniel is not obligated to support the farmers. The free ride never lasts forever. V. Best Alternative There was no formal contract between the two. JD and the farmers should sign an ethical and legal contract stating their terms if any.But again JD is not obligated to do anything. VI Recommended action and follow up If the farmers like to take legal action, it will only trigger more tension and go no where in court because there is no written claim to back them with. JD might be seen as unethical on breaking their promise but there was no proof that they had a promise and they have been doing a favor to the farmers up until now. If the farmers find no other alternative to feed cattle, they should form a business proposal for JD that fit their needs while keeping their own business afloat.

Biochip

[pic] (Life on a Chip) (PAPER UNDER THE THEME:†BIOCOMPUTING & INFORMATICS†) ABSTRACT â€Å"A single electronic card may replace everything in your wallet including. . . . . . your cash . . . your credit cards . . . your ATM card . . . your ID cards . . . your insurance . . . and your life FUTURE One card, or one chip, with your life on it. † â€Å"Biochips†-The most exciting future technology is an outcome of the fields of Computer science, Electronics & Biology. Its a new type of bio-security device to accurately track information regarding what a person is doing, and who is to accurately track information regarding what he is doing, and who is actually doing it. It’s no more required with biochips the good old idea of remembering pesky PINs, Passwords, & Social security numbers . No more matters of carrying medical records to a hospital, No more cash/credit card carrying to the market place; everything goes embedded in the chip†¦. Every thing goes digitalized. No more hawker tricks on the internet†¦.! Biochip has a variety technique for secured E-money transactions on the net. The power of biochips exists in capability of locating lost children, downed soldiers, and wandering Alzheimer patients. Our contributions to this paper lie in the aspects of â€Å"Implementation of Glucose detector in Biochips† †Implementation of Oxygen sensor in Biochips† 4. â€Å"Implementation of Blood pressure sensor in Biochips† 5. â€Å"Proposal of Solution for the typical theft problem faced by the Biochips† The four contributions have been discussed in detail with the proposed principles for implementation of the concepts. A simple ID chip is already walking around in tens of thousands of individuals, but all of them are pets. Companies such as AVID (Norco, Calif. ), Electronic ID, Inc. (Cleburne, TX. ), and Electronic Identification Devices, Ltd. (Santa Barbara, Calif. ) sell both the chips and the detectors. The chips are of the size of an uncooked grain of rice, small enough to be injected under the skin using a hypodermic syringe needle. They respond to a signal from the detector, held just a few feet away, by transmitting out an identification number. This number is then compared to database listings of registered pets. The Biochip tagging for humans has already started†¦Rush out for your tag!!!!! INTRODUCTION:- Biochips are any microprocessor chips that can be used in Biology. The biochip technology was originally developed in 1983 for monitoring fisheries, it’s use now includes, over 300 zoos, over 80 government agencies in at least 20 countries, pets (everything from lizards to dogs), electronic â€Å"branding† of horses, monitoring lab animals, fisheries, endangered wildlife, automobiles, garment tracking, hazardous waste, and humans. Biochips are â€Å"silently† inching into humans. For instance, at least 6 million medical devices, such as artificial body parts (prosthetic devices), breast implants, chin implants, etc. , are implanted in people each year. And most of these medical devices are carrying a â€Å"surprise† guest — a biochip. In 1993, the Food and Drug Administration passed the Safe Medical Devices Registration Act of 1993, requiring all artificial body implants to have â€Å"implanted† identification — the biochip. So, the yearly, 6 million recipients of prosthetic devices and breast implants are â€Å"biochipped†. To date, over 7 million animals have been â€Å"chipped†. The major biochip companies are A. V. I. D. (American Veterinary Identification Devices), Trovan Identification Systems, and Destron-Fearing Corporation. THE BIOCHIP TECHNOLOGY The current, in use, biochip implant system is actually a fairly simple device. Today’s, biochip implant is basically a small (micro) computer chip, inserted under the skin, for identification purposes. The biochip system is radio frequency identification (RFID) system, using low-frequency radio signals to communicate between the biochip and reader. THE BIOCHIP IMPLANT SYSTEM CONSISTS OF TWO COMPONENTS: [pic] |[pic]  Ã‚  Ã‚   | | |PERSPECTIVE OF | | |THE ACTUAL SIZE | THE TRANSPONDER: The transponder is the actual biochip implant. It is a passive transponder, meaning it contains no battery or energy of its own. In comparison, an active transponder would provide its own energy source, normally a small battery. Because the passive biochip contains no battery, or nothing to wear out, it has a very long life, up to 99 years, and no maintenance. Being passive, it's inactive until the reader activates it by sending it a low-power electrical charge. The reader â€Å"reads† or â€Å"scans† the implanted biochip and receives back data (in this case an identification number) from the biochip. The communication between biochip and reader is via low-frequency radio waves. The biochip transponder consists of four parts: 1. computer Microchip: The microchip stores a unique identification number from 10 to 15 digits long. The storage capacity of the current microchips is limited, capable of storing only a single ID number. AVID (American Veterinary Identification Devices), claims their chips, using an nnn-nnn-nnn format, has the capability of over 70 trillion unique numbers. The unique ID number is â€Å"etched† or encoded via a laser onto the surface of the microchip before assembly. Once the number is encoded it is impossible to alter. The microchip also contains the electronic circuitry necessary to transmit the ID number to the â€Å"reader†. 2. Antenna Coil: This is normally a simple, coil of copper wire around a ferrite or iron core. This is tiny primitive radio antenna â€Å"receives and sends† signals from the reader or scanner. 3. Tuning Capacitor: The capacitor stores the small electrical charge (less than 1/1000 of a watt) sent by the reader or scanner, which activates the transponder. This â€Å"activation† allows the transponder to send back the ID number encoded in the computer chip. Because â€Å"radio waves† are utilized to communicate between the transponder and reader, the capacitor is â€Å"tuned† to the same frequency as the reader. 4. Glass Capsule: The glass capsule â€Å"houses† the microchip, antenna coil and capacitor. It is a small capsule, the smallest measuring 11 mm in length and 2 mm in diameter, about the size of an uncooked grain of rice. The capsule is made of biocompatible material such as soda lime glass. After assembly, the capsule is hermetically (air-tight) sealed, so no bodily fluids can touch the electronics inside. Because the glass is very smooth and susceptible to movement, a material such as a polypropylene polymer sheath is attached to one end of the capsule. This sheath provides a compatible surface which the bodily tissue fibers bond or interconnect, resulting in a permanent placement of the biochip. BIOCHIP AND SYRINGE | |[pic] | The biochip is inserted into the subject with a hypodermic syringe. Injection is safe and simple, comparable to common vaccines. Anesthesia is not required nor recommended. In dogs and cats, the biochip is usually injected behind the neck between the shoulder blades. Trovan, Ltd. , markets an implant, featuring a patented â€Å"zip quill†, whi ch you simply press in, no syringe is needed. According to AVID â€Å"Once implanted, the identity tag is virtually impossible to retrieve. . The number can never be altered. † THE READER: The reader consists of an â€Å"exciter† coil which creates an electromagnetic field that, via radio signals, provides the necessary energy (less than 1/1000 of a watt) to â€Å"excite† or â€Å"activate† the implanted biochip. The reader also carries a receiving coil that receives the transmitted code or ID number sent back from the â€Å"activated† implanted biochip. This all takes place very fast, in milliseconds. The reader also contains the software and components to decode the received code and display the result in an LCD display. The reader can include a RS-232 port to attach a computer. WORKING OF A BIOCHIP: The reader generates a low-power, electromagnetic field, in this case via radio signals, which â€Å"activates† the implanted biochip. This â€Å"activation† enables the biochip to send the ID code back to the reader via radio signals. The reader amplifies the received code, converts it to digital format, decodes and displays the ID number on the reader's LCD display. The reader must normally be between 2 and 12 inches near the biochip to communicate. The reader and biochip can communicate through most materials, except metal. THE APPLICATIONS: 1. With a biochip tracing of a person/animal , anywhere in the world is possible: Once the reader is connected to the internet, satellite and a centralized database is maintained about the biochipped creatures, It is always possible to trace out the personality intended. 2. A biochip can store and update financial, medical, demographic data, basically everything about a person: An implanted biochip can be scanned to pay for groceries, obtain medical procedures, and conduct financial transactions. Currently, the in use, implanted biochips only store one 10 to 15 digits. If biochips are designed to accommodate with more ROM & RAM there is definitely an opportunity. A biochip leads to a secured E-Commerce systems : It’s a fact; the world is very quickly going to a digital or E-economy, through the Internet. It is expected that by 2008, 60% of the Business transactions will be performed through the Internet. The E-money future, however, isn't necessarily secure. The Internet wasn't built to be Fort Knox. In the wrong hands, this powerful tool can turn dangerous. Hackers have already broken into bank files that were 100% secure. A biochip is the possible solution to the â€Å"identification and security† dilemma faced by the digital economy. This type of new bio-security device is capable of accurately tracking information regarding what users are doing, and who are to accurately track information regarding what users are doing, and who is actually doing it. Biochips really are potent in replacing passports, cash, medical records: The really powered biochip systems can replace cash, passports, medical & other records! It’s no more required to carry wallet full cash, credit/ATM cards, passports & medical records to the market place. Payment system, authentication procedures may all be done by the means Biochips. 4. Medicinal implementations of Biochips : A New Era Proposed by us 1. Biochip as Glucose Detector : The Biochip can be integrated with a glucose detector. The chip will allow diabetics to easily monitor the level of the sugar glucose in their blood. Diabetics currently use a skin prick and a hand-held blood test, and then medicate themselves with insulin depending on the result. The system is simple and works well, but the need to draw blood means that most diabetics don't test themselves as often as they should. Although they may get away with this in the short term, in later life those who monitored infrequently suffer from blindness, loss of circulation, and other complications. The solution is more frequent testing, using a less invasive method. The biochip will sit underneath the skin, sense the glucose level, and send the result back out by radio-frequency communication. Proposed principle of Glucose detection: A light-emitting diode (LED) in the biochip starts off the detection process. The light that it produces hits a fluorescent chemical: one that absorbs incoming light and re-emits it at a longer wavelength. The longer wavelength of light is then detected, and the result is sent to a control panel outside the body. Glucose is detected because the sugar reduces the amount of light that the fluorescent chemical re-emits. The more glucose there is the less light that is detected. Biochip as Oxygen sensor: The biochip can also be integrated with an oxygen sensor . The oxygen sensor will be useful not only to monitor breathing in intensive care units, but also to check that packages of food, or containers of semiconductors stored under nitrogen gas, remain airtight. Proposed principal of Oxygen sensor in Biochip: The oxygen-sensing chip sends light pulses out into the body. The light is absorbed to varying extents, depending on how much oxygen is being carried in the blood, and the chip detects the light that is left. The rushes of blood pumped by the heart are also detected, so the same chip is a pulse monitor. 2. Biochip as an Blood Pressure sensor: In normal situations, The Blood Pressure of a healthy Human being is 120/80 mm of Hg. A Pressure ratio lower than this is said to be â€Å"Low BP â€Å" condition & A Pressure ratio more than this is â€Å"High BP† condition. Serious Effects will be reflected in humans during Low & High BP conditions; it may sometimes cause the death of a Person. Blood Pressure is checked with BP Apparatus in Hospitals and this is done only when the patient is abnormal. However, a continuous monitoring of BP is required in the aged people & Patients. A huge variety of hardware circuitry (sensors) is available in electronics to detect the flow of fluid. It’s always possible to embed this type of sensors into a biochip. An integration of Pressure (Blood Flow) detecting circuits with the Biochip can make the chip to continuously monitor the blood flow rate & when the pressure is in its low or high extremes it can be immediately informed through the reader hence to take up remedial measures. Typical Problem of Biochips: A Solution Proposed – The Lock: Problem before the world A chip implant would contain a person’s financial world, medical history, health care — it would contain his electronic life†. If cash no longer existed and if the world’s economy was totally chip oriented; — there would be a huge â€Å"black-market† for chips! Since there is no cash and no other bartering system, criminals would cut off hands and heads, stealing â€Å"rich-folks† chips. â€Å"It is very dangerous because once kidnappers get to know about these chips, they will skin people to find them,† (New York Times, June 20, 1999) The typical solutions won’t work well are already proposed by different people: The Biochip must retain data only if it is placed in a fluid medium like blood & not in any other medium. This technique is unsuitable for identification of dead bodies (murdered by the kidnappers) as it loses the data about the social security number. 3. The data in the Biochip must be erased if it is exposed to sunlight/air. This technique is unsuitable as transplantation of biochip from genuine to the fraud in darkness (by means of infrared light) or in the vacuum (by means of oxygen cylinders). And many such†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.!!!!!!!! Our key: The solution Proposed by me: A generic & existing model of Biochips consists of only ROM component in it and is capable of accommodating the data such as social security number, Passport number, bankcard number etc. , which are normally permanent in nature. The induction of RAM component in addition to ROM & storing the Bankcard, Financial details which causes the problem is a mere solution. As RAM needs to be continuously charged inorder to retain the data, Current can be supplied to the chip either from the electrical energy produced in the cells or by converting the heat energy in our body to electrical energy. Once if the chip is taken out from the human body RAM immediately loses the Power supply from the human body; thus information in the RAM is lost and therefore is useless for the kidnappers. However this technique will not affect the data in ROM i. e. Social security number that can be used to detect the address of the dead bodies that were unidentified. CONCLUSION The Cyber Future InfoTech will be implanted in our bodies. A chip implanted somewhere in human bodies might serve as a combination of credit card, passport, driver's license, personal diary. No longer would it be needed to worry about losing the credit cards while traveling. A chip inserted into human bodies might also give us extra mental power. The really fascinating idea is under fast track research â€Å"but we're close. † The day in which we have chips embedded in our skins is not too far from now. â€Å"This is science fiction stuff. † †This is a true example to prove science really starts s with fiction†. BIBLOGRAPHY:- www. mrgco. com www. anl. gov www. freepatentsonline. com Biochip [pic] (Life on a Chip) (PAPER UNDER THE THEME:†BIOCOMPUTING & INFORMATICS†) ABSTRACT â€Å"A single electronic card may replace everything in your wallet including. . . . . . your cash . . . your credit cards . . . your ATM card . . . your ID cards . . . your insurance . . . and your life FUTURE One card, or one chip, with your life on it. † â€Å"Biochips†-The most exciting future technology is an outcome of the fields of Computer science, Electronics & Biology. Its a new type of bio-security device to accurately track information regarding what a person is doing, and who is to accurately track information regarding what he is doing, and who is actually doing it. It’s no more required with biochips the good old idea of remembering pesky PINs, Passwords, & Social security numbers . No more matters of carrying medical records to a hospital, No more cash/credit card carrying to the market place; everything goes embedded in the chip†¦. Every thing goes digitalized. No more hawker tricks on the internet†¦.! Biochip has a variety technique for secured E-money transactions on the net. The power of biochips exists in capability of locating lost children, downed soldiers, and wandering Alzheimer patients. Our contributions to this paper lie in the aspects of â€Å"Implementation of Glucose detector in Biochips† †Implementation of Oxygen sensor in Biochips† 4. â€Å"Implementation of Blood pressure sensor in Biochips† 5. â€Å"Proposal of Solution for the typical theft problem faced by the Biochips† The four contributions have been discussed in detail with the proposed principles for implementation of the concepts. A simple ID chip is already walking around in tens of thousands of individuals, but all of them are pets. Companies such as AVID (Norco, Calif. ), Electronic ID, Inc. (Cleburne, TX. ), and Electronic Identification Devices, Ltd. (Santa Barbara, Calif. ) sell both the chips and the detectors. The chips are of the size of an uncooked grain of rice, small enough to be injected under the skin using a hypodermic syringe needle. They respond to a signal from the detector, held just a few feet away, by transmitting out an identification number. This number is then compared to database listings of registered pets. The Biochip tagging for humans has already started†¦Rush out for your tag!!!!! INTRODUCTION:- Biochips are any microprocessor chips that can be used in Biology. The biochip technology was originally developed in 1983 for monitoring fisheries, it’s use now includes, over 300 zoos, over 80 government agencies in at least 20 countries, pets (everything from lizards to dogs), electronic â€Å"branding† of horses, monitoring lab animals, fisheries, endangered wildlife, automobiles, garment tracking, hazardous waste, and humans. Biochips are â€Å"silently† inching into humans. For instance, at least 6 million medical devices, such as artificial body parts (prosthetic devices), breast implants, chin implants, etc. , are implanted in people each year. And most of these medical devices are carrying a â€Å"surprise† guest — a biochip. In 1993, the Food and Drug Administration passed the Safe Medical Devices Registration Act of 1993, requiring all artificial body implants to have â€Å"implanted† identification — the biochip. So, the yearly, 6 million recipients of prosthetic devices and breast implants are â€Å"biochipped†. To date, over 7 million animals have been â€Å"chipped†. The major biochip companies are A. V. I. D. (American Veterinary Identification Devices), Trovan Identification Systems, and Destron-Fearing Corporation. THE BIOCHIP TECHNOLOGY The current, in use, biochip implant system is actually a fairly simple device. Today’s, biochip implant is basically a small (micro) computer chip, inserted under the skin, for identification purposes. The biochip system is radio frequency identification (RFID) system, using low-frequency radio signals to communicate between the biochip and reader. THE BIOCHIP IMPLANT SYSTEM CONSISTS OF TWO COMPONENTS: [pic] |[pic]  Ã‚  Ã‚   | | |PERSPECTIVE OF | | |THE ACTUAL SIZE | THE TRANSPONDER: The transponder is the actual biochip implant. It is a passive transponder, meaning it contains no battery or energy of its own. In comparison, an active transponder would provide its own energy source, normally a small battery. Because the passive biochip contains no battery, or nothing to wear out, it has a very long life, up to 99 years, and no maintenance. Being passive, it's inactive until the reader activates it by sending it a low-power electrical charge. The reader â€Å"reads† or â€Å"scans† the implanted biochip and receives back data (in this case an identification number) from the biochip. The communication between biochip and reader is via low-frequency radio waves. The biochip transponder consists of four parts: 1. computer Microchip: The microchip stores a unique identification number from 10 to 15 digits long. The storage capacity of the current microchips is limited, capable of storing only a single ID number. AVID (American Veterinary Identification Devices), claims their chips, using an nnn-nnn-nnn format, has the capability of over 70 trillion unique numbers. The unique ID number is â€Å"etched† or encoded via a laser onto the surface of the microchip before assembly. Once the number is encoded it is impossible to alter. The microchip also contains the electronic circuitry necessary to transmit the ID number to the â€Å"reader†. 2. Antenna Coil: This is normally a simple, coil of copper wire around a ferrite or iron core. This is tiny primitive radio antenna â€Å"receives and sends† signals from the reader or scanner. 3. Tuning Capacitor: The capacitor stores the small electrical charge (less than 1/1000 of a watt) sent by the reader or scanner, which activates the transponder. This â€Å"activation† allows the transponder to send back the ID number encoded in the computer chip. Because â€Å"radio waves† are utilized to communicate between the transponder and reader, the capacitor is â€Å"tuned† to the same frequency as the reader. 4. Glass Capsule: The glass capsule â€Å"houses† the microchip, antenna coil and capacitor. It is a small capsule, the smallest measuring 11 mm in length and 2 mm in diameter, about the size of an uncooked grain of rice. The capsule is made of biocompatible material such as soda lime glass. After assembly, the capsule is hermetically (air-tight) sealed, so no bodily fluids can touch the electronics inside. Because the glass is very smooth and susceptible to movement, a material such as a polypropylene polymer sheath is attached to one end of the capsule. This sheath provides a compatible surface which the bodily tissue fibers bond or interconnect, resulting in a permanent placement of the biochip. BIOCHIP AND SYRINGE | |[pic] | The biochip is inserted into the subject with a hypodermic syringe. Injection is safe and simple, comparable to common vaccines. Anesthesia is not required nor recommended. In dogs and cats, the biochip is usually injected behind the neck between the shoulder blades. Trovan, Ltd. , markets an implant, featuring a patented â€Å"zip quill†, whi ch you simply press in, no syringe is needed. According to AVID â€Å"Once implanted, the identity tag is virtually impossible to retrieve. . The number can never be altered. † THE READER: The reader consists of an â€Å"exciter† coil which creates an electromagnetic field that, via radio signals, provides the necessary energy (less than 1/1000 of a watt) to â€Å"excite† or â€Å"activate† the implanted biochip. The reader also carries a receiving coil that receives the transmitted code or ID number sent back from the â€Å"activated† implanted biochip. This all takes place very fast, in milliseconds. The reader also contains the software and components to decode the received code and display the result in an LCD display. The reader can include a RS-232 port to attach a computer. WORKING OF A BIOCHIP: The reader generates a low-power, electromagnetic field, in this case via radio signals, which â€Å"activates† the implanted biochip. This â€Å"activation† enables the biochip to send the ID code back to the reader via radio signals. The reader amplifies the received code, converts it to digital format, decodes and displays the ID number on the reader's LCD display. The reader must normally be between 2 and 12 inches near the biochip to communicate. The reader and biochip can communicate through most materials, except metal. THE APPLICATIONS: 1. With a biochip tracing of a person/animal , anywhere in the world is possible: Once the reader is connected to the internet, satellite and a centralized database is maintained about the biochipped creatures, It is always possible to trace out the personality intended. 2. A biochip can store and update financial, medical, demographic data, basically everything about a person: An implanted biochip can be scanned to pay for groceries, obtain medical procedures, and conduct financial transactions. Currently, the in use, implanted biochips only store one 10 to 15 digits. If biochips are designed to accommodate with more ROM & RAM there is definitely an opportunity. A biochip leads to a secured E-Commerce systems : It’s a fact; the world is very quickly going to a digital or E-economy, through the Internet. It is expected that by 2008, 60% of the Business transactions will be performed through the Internet. The E-money future, however, isn't necessarily secure. The Internet wasn't built to be Fort Knox. In the wrong hands, this powerful tool can turn dangerous. Hackers have already broken into bank files that were 100% secure. A biochip is the possible solution to the â€Å"identification and security† dilemma faced by the digital economy. This type of new bio-security device is capable of accurately tracking information regarding what users are doing, and who are to accurately track information regarding what users are doing, and who is actually doing it. Biochips really are potent in replacing passports, cash, medical records: The really powered biochip systems can replace cash, passports, medical & other records! It’s no more required to carry wallet full cash, credit/ATM cards, passports & medical records to the market place. Payment system, authentication procedures may all be done by the means Biochips. 4. Medicinal implementations of Biochips : A New Era Proposed by us 1. Biochip as Glucose Detector : The Biochip can be integrated with a glucose detector. The chip will allow diabetics to easily monitor the level of the sugar glucose in their blood. Diabetics currently use a skin prick and a hand-held blood test, and then medicate themselves with insulin depending on the result. The system is simple and works well, but the need to draw blood means that most diabetics don't test themselves as often as they should. Although they may get away with this in the short term, in later life those who monitored infrequently suffer from blindness, loss of circulation, and other complications. The solution is more frequent testing, using a less invasive method. The biochip will sit underneath the skin, sense the glucose level, and send the result back out by radio-frequency communication. Proposed principle of Glucose detection: A light-emitting diode (LED) in the biochip starts off the detection process. The light that it produces hits a fluorescent chemical: one that absorbs incoming light and re-emits it at a longer wavelength. The longer wavelength of light is then detected, and the result is sent to a control panel outside the body. Glucose is detected because the sugar reduces the amount of light that the fluorescent chemical re-emits. The more glucose there is the less light that is detected. Biochip as Oxygen sensor: The biochip can also be integrated with an oxygen sensor . The oxygen sensor will be useful not only to monitor breathing in intensive care units, but also to check that packages of food, or containers of semiconductors stored under nitrogen gas, remain airtight. Proposed principal of Oxygen sensor in Biochip: The oxygen-sensing chip sends light pulses out into the body. The light is absorbed to varying extents, depending on how much oxygen is being carried in the blood, and the chip detects the light that is left. The rushes of blood pumped by the heart are also detected, so the same chip is a pulse monitor. 2. Biochip as an Blood Pressure sensor: In normal situations, The Blood Pressure of a healthy Human being is 120/80 mm of Hg. A Pressure ratio lower than this is said to be â€Å"Low BP â€Å" condition & A Pressure ratio more than this is â€Å"High BP† condition. Serious Effects will be reflected in humans during Low & High BP conditions; it may sometimes cause the death of a Person. Blood Pressure is checked with BP Apparatus in Hospitals and this is done only when the patient is abnormal. However, a continuous monitoring of BP is required in the aged people & Patients. A huge variety of hardware circuitry (sensors) is available in electronics to detect the flow of fluid. It’s always possible to embed this type of sensors into a biochip. An integration of Pressure (Blood Flow) detecting circuits with the Biochip can make the chip to continuously monitor the blood flow rate & when the pressure is in its low or high extremes it can be immediately informed through the reader hence to take up remedial measures. Typical Problem of Biochips: A Solution Proposed – The Lock: Problem before the world A chip implant would contain a person’s financial world, medical history, health care — it would contain his electronic life†. If cash no longer existed and if the world’s economy was totally chip oriented; — there would be a huge â€Å"black-market† for chips! Since there is no cash and no other bartering system, criminals would cut off hands and heads, stealing â€Å"rich-folks† chips. â€Å"It is very dangerous because once kidnappers get to know about these chips, they will skin people to find them,† (New York Times, June 20, 1999) The typical solutions won’t work well are already proposed by different people: The Biochip must retain data only if it is placed in a fluid medium like blood & not in any other medium. This technique is unsuitable for identification of dead bodies (murdered by the kidnappers) as it loses the data about the social security number. 3. The data in the Biochip must be erased if it is exposed to sunlight/air. This technique is unsuitable as transplantation of biochip from genuine to the fraud in darkness (by means of infrared light) or in the vacuum (by means of oxygen cylinders). And many such†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.!!!!!!!! Our key: The solution Proposed by me: A generic & existing model of Biochips consists of only ROM component in it and is capable of accommodating the data such as social security number, Passport number, bankcard number etc. , which are normally permanent in nature. The induction of RAM component in addition to ROM & storing the Bankcard, Financial details which causes the problem is a mere solution. As RAM needs to be continuously charged inorder to retain the data, Current can be supplied to the chip either from the electrical energy produced in the cells or by converting the heat energy in our body to electrical energy. Once if the chip is taken out from the human body RAM immediately loses the Power supply from the human body; thus information in the RAM is lost and therefore is useless for the kidnappers. However this technique will not affect the data in ROM i. e. Social security number that can be used to detect the address of the dead bodies that were unidentified. CONCLUSION The Cyber Future InfoTech will be implanted in our bodies. A chip implanted somewhere in human bodies might serve as a combination of credit card, passport, driver's license, personal diary. No longer would it be needed to worry about losing the credit cards while traveling. A chip inserted into human bodies might also give us extra mental power. The really fascinating idea is under fast track research â€Å"but we're close. † The day in which we have chips embedded in our skins is not too far from now. â€Å"This is science fiction stuff. † †This is a true example to prove science really starts s with fiction†. BIBLOGRAPHY:- www. mrgco. com www. anl. gov www. freepatentsonline. com