Jack Daniels

Jack Daniel's Case Analysis I. Identify Symptoms 1. Jack daniel traditionally gave the slop for free for decades, then established a price of $2 per thousand gallons, and then raised to $4. Because of the low prices and availability of the feed, farmers began to expand their business. Water was being polluted by the excess amount of cattle being raised. 2. Jack Daniel informed farmers it would stop delivery until proper environmental improvements are made. However, there was no formal written contract stating Jack Daniel will continue delivering the slop. . A low demand of whisky occurred, because consumers turned to lighter beverages. This resulted in Jack Daniel’s â€Å"dry house† method which disposes of thick slop.4. Layoffs were made in Jack Daniel. 5. Angry employees may form a union 6. Farmers were angry, having no slop to feed their cattle. 7. The farmers moved the feedlots and improved the environmental conditions. Farmers state that Jack Daniel promised them s lop if they fixed the water pollution problem. 8. Jack Daniel denies making such promise. II. Root Cause . There is no written contract between the farmers and Jack Daniel stating the terms and commitments they have for each other, such as, Jack Daniel providing the thick slop for the farmers for affordable prices, and the farmers preserving the environment. III. Stating the issue 1. What actions should be implemented in order to meet each side’s needs, while keeping both Jack Daniel and the farmers’ businesses afloat? IV. Alternatives 1. Jack Daniel could return to selling its traditional whiskey with thick slop.In doing so, it could raise the price of thick slop to the farmers to cover the expenses it takes to make it. Positive: The farmers can feed the cattle. Negative: a. The feed will not be at a bargain price which will lead to farmers looking for alternatives. This result to more tension between the farmers and Jack Daniel. b. Jack Daniel will only be wasting it s time and money in making the whiskey because demand for it has dropped. . The farmers should find an alternative feed for the cattle. Positive: a. Jack Daniel will continue to make its dry house method with no thick slop and keep its business afloat. b. The tension between the tow might break. Negative: a. Farmers will have to seek alternative means of feeding the cattle and may have to down size its recent growth. b. Tension might only increase. 1.Jack Daniel could hold to its promise that it would stop delivery unless the farmers made environmental improvements, which the farmers invested heavily on doing so. Positive: a. Tension will clear between the two. b. The farmers will have their feed. Negative: a. No written contract made. Jack daniel is not obligated to support the farmers. The free ride never lasts forever. V. Best Alternative There was no formal contract between the two. JD and the farmers should sign an ethical and legal contract stating their terms if any.But again JD is not obligated to do anything. VI Recommended action and follow up If the farmers like to take legal action, it will only trigger more tension and go no where in court because there is no written claim to back them with. JD might be seen as unethical on breaking their promise but there was no proof that they had a promise and they have been doing a favor to the farmers up until now. If the farmers find no other alternative to feed cattle, they should form a business proposal for JD that fit their needs while keeping their own business afloat.

Biochip

[pic] (Life on a Chip) (PAPER UNDER THE THEME:†BIOCOMPUTING & INFORMATICS†) ABSTRACT â€Å"A single electronic card may replace everything in your wallet including. . . . . . your cash . . . your credit cards . . . your ATM card . . . your ID cards . . . your insurance . . . and your life FUTURE One card, or one chip, with your life on it. † â€Å"Biochips†-The most exciting future technology is an outcome of the fields of Computer science, Electronics & Biology. Its a new type of bio-security device to accurately track information regarding what a person is doing, and who is to accurately track information regarding what he is doing, and who is actually doing it. It’s no more required with biochips the good old idea of remembering pesky PINs, Passwords, & Social security numbers . No more matters of carrying medical records to a hospital, No more cash/credit card carrying to the market place; everything goes embedded in the chip†¦. Every thing goes digitalized. No more hawker tricks on the internet†¦.! Biochip has a variety technique for secured E-money transactions on the net. The power of biochips exists in capability of locating lost children, downed soldiers, and wandering Alzheimer patients. Our contributions to this paper lie in the aspects of â€Å"Implementation of Glucose detector in Biochips† †Implementation of Oxygen sensor in Biochips† 4. â€Å"Implementation of Blood pressure sensor in Biochips† 5. â€Å"Proposal of Solution for the typical theft problem faced by the Biochips† The four contributions have been discussed in detail with the proposed principles for implementation of the concepts. A simple ID chip is already walking around in tens of thousands of individuals, but all of them are pets. Companies such as AVID (Norco, Calif. ), Electronic ID, Inc. (Cleburne, TX. ), and Electronic Identification Devices, Ltd. (Santa Barbara, Calif. ) sell both the chips and the detectors. The chips are of the size of an uncooked grain of rice, small enough to be injected under the skin using a hypodermic syringe needle. They respond to a signal from the detector, held just a few feet away, by transmitting out an identification number. This number is then compared to database listings of registered pets. The Biochip tagging for humans has already started†¦Rush out for your tag!!!!! INTRODUCTION:- Biochips are any microprocessor chips that can be used in Biology. The biochip technology was originally developed in 1983 for monitoring fisheries, it’s use now includes, over 300 zoos, over 80 government agencies in at least 20 countries, pets (everything from lizards to dogs), electronic â€Å"branding† of horses, monitoring lab animals, fisheries, endangered wildlife, automobiles, garment tracking, hazardous waste, and humans. Biochips are â€Å"silently† inching into humans. For instance, at least 6 million medical devices, such as artificial body parts (prosthetic devices), breast implants, chin implants, etc. , are implanted in people each year. And most of these medical devices are carrying a â€Å"surprise† guest — a biochip. In 1993, the Food and Drug Administration passed the Safe Medical Devices Registration Act of 1993, requiring all artificial body implants to have â€Å"implanted† identification — the biochip. So, the yearly, 6 million recipients of prosthetic devices and breast implants are â€Å"biochipped†. To date, over 7 million animals have been â€Å"chipped†. The major biochip companies are A. V. I. D. (American Veterinary Identification Devices), Trovan Identification Systems, and Destron-Fearing Corporation. THE BIOCHIP TECHNOLOGY The current, in use, biochip implant system is actually a fairly simple device. Today’s, biochip implant is basically a small (micro) computer chip, inserted under the skin, for identification purposes. The biochip system is radio frequency identification (RFID) system, using low-frequency radio signals to communicate between the biochip and reader. THE BIOCHIP IMPLANT SYSTEM CONSISTS OF TWO COMPONENTS: [pic] |[pic]  Ã‚  Ã‚   | | |PERSPECTIVE OF | | |THE ACTUAL SIZE | THE TRANSPONDER: The transponder is the actual biochip implant. It is a passive transponder, meaning it contains no battery or energy of its own. In comparison, an active transponder would provide its own energy source, normally a small battery. Because the passive biochip contains no battery, or nothing to wear out, it has a very long life, up to 99 years, and no maintenance. Being passive, it's inactive until the reader activates it by sending it a low-power electrical charge. The reader â€Å"reads† or â€Å"scans† the implanted biochip and receives back data (in this case an identification number) from the biochip. The communication between biochip and reader is via low-frequency radio waves. The biochip transponder consists of four parts: 1. computer Microchip: The microchip stores a unique identification number from 10 to 15 digits long. The storage capacity of the current microchips is limited, capable of storing only a single ID number. AVID (American Veterinary Identification Devices), claims their chips, using an nnn-nnn-nnn format, has the capability of over 70 trillion unique numbers. The unique ID number is â€Å"etched† or encoded via a laser onto the surface of the microchip before assembly. Once the number is encoded it is impossible to alter. The microchip also contains the electronic circuitry necessary to transmit the ID number to the â€Å"reader†. 2. Antenna Coil: This is normally a simple, coil of copper wire around a ferrite or iron core. This is tiny primitive radio antenna â€Å"receives and sends† signals from the reader or scanner. 3. Tuning Capacitor: The capacitor stores the small electrical charge (less than 1/1000 of a watt) sent by the reader or scanner, which activates the transponder. This â€Å"activation† allows the transponder to send back the ID number encoded in the computer chip. Because â€Å"radio waves† are utilized to communicate between the transponder and reader, the capacitor is â€Å"tuned† to the same frequency as the reader. 4. Glass Capsule: The glass capsule â€Å"houses† the microchip, antenna coil and capacitor. It is a small capsule, the smallest measuring 11 mm in length and 2 mm in diameter, about the size of an uncooked grain of rice. The capsule is made of biocompatible material such as soda lime glass. After assembly, the capsule is hermetically (air-tight) sealed, so no bodily fluids can touch the electronics inside. Because the glass is very smooth and susceptible to movement, a material such as a polypropylene polymer sheath is attached to one end of the capsule. This sheath provides a compatible surface which the bodily tissue fibers bond or interconnect, resulting in a permanent placement of the biochip. BIOCHIP AND SYRINGE | |[pic] | The biochip is inserted into the subject with a hypodermic syringe. Injection is safe and simple, comparable to common vaccines. Anesthesia is not required nor recommended. In dogs and cats, the biochip is usually injected behind the neck between the shoulder blades. Trovan, Ltd. , markets an implant, featuring a patented â€Å"zip quill†, whi ch you simply press in, no syringe is needed. According to AVID â€Å"Once implanted, the identity tag is virtually impossible to retrieve. . The number can never be altered. † THE READER: The reader consists of an â€Å"exciter† coil which creates an electromagnetic field that, via radio signals, provides the necessary energy (less than 1/1000 of a watt) to â€Å"excite† or â€Å"activate† the implanted biochip. The reader also carries a receiving coil that receives the transmitted code or ID number sent back from the â€Å"activated† implanted biochip. This all takes place very fast, in milliseconds. The reader also contains the software and components to decode the received code and display the result in an LCD display. The reader can include a RS-232 port to attach a computer. WORKING OF A BIOCHIP: The reader generates a low-power, electromagnetic field, in this case via radio signals, which â€Å"activates† the implanted biochip. This â€Å"activation† enables the biochip to send the ID code back to the reader via radio signals. The reader amplifies the received code, converts it to digital format, decodes and displays the ID number on the reader's LCD display. The reader must normally be between 2 and 12 inches near the biochip to communicate. The reader and biochip can communicate through most materials, except metal. THE APPLICATIONS: 1. With a biochip tracing of a person/animal , anywhere in the world is possible: Once the reader is connected to the internet, satellite and a centralized database is maintained about the biochipped creatures, It is always possible to trace out the personality intended. 2. A biochip can store and update financial, medical, demographic data, basically everything about a person: An implanted biochip can be scanned to pay for groceries, obtain medical procedures, and conduct financial transactions. Currently, the in use, implanted biochips only store one 10 to 15 digits. If biochips are designed to accommodate with more ROM & RAM there is definitely an opportunity. A biochip leads to a secured E-Commerce systems : It’s a fact; the world is very quickly going to a digital or E-economy, through the Internet. It is expected that by 2008, 60% of the Business transactions will be performed through the Internet. The E-money future, however, isn't necessarily secure. The Internet wasn't built to be Fort Knox. In the wrong hands, this powerful tool can turn dangerous. Hackers have already broken into bank files that were 100% secure. A biochip is the possible solution to the â€Å"identification and security† dilemma faced by the digital economy. This type of new bio-security device is capable of accurately tracking information regarding what users are doing, and who are to accurately track information regarding what users are doing, and who is actually doing it. Biochips really are potent in replacing passports, cash, medical records: The really powered biochip systems can replace cash, passports, medical & other records! It’s no more required to carry wallet full cash, credit/ATM cards, passports & medical records to the market place. Payment system, authentication procedures may all be done by the means Biochips. 4. Medicinal implementations of Biochips : A New Era Proposed by us 1. Biochip as Glucose Detector : The Biochip can be integrated with a glucose detector. The chip will allow diabetics to easily monitor the level of the sugar glucose in their blood. Diabetics currently use a skin prick and a hand-held blood test, and then medicate themselves with insulin depending on the result. The system is simple and works well, but the need to draw blood means that most diabetics don't test themselves as often as they should. Although they may get away with this in the short term, in later life those who monitored infrequently suffer from blindness, loss of circulation, and other complications. The solution is more frequent testing, using a less invasive method. The biochip will sit underneath the skin, sense the glucose level, and send the result back out by radio-frequency communication. Proposed principle of Glucose detection: A light-emitting diode (LED) in the biochip starts off the detection process. The light that it produces hits a fluorescent chemical: one that absorbs incoming light and re-emits it at a longer wavelength. The longer wavelength of light is then detected, and the result is sent to a control panel outside the body. Glucose is detected because the sugar reduces the amount of light that the fluorescent chemical re-emits. The more glucose there is the less light that is detected. Biochip as Oxygen sensor: The biochip can also be integrated with an oxygen sensor . The oxygen sensor will be useful not only to monitor breathing in intensive care units, but also to check that packages of food, or containers of semiconductors stored under nitrogen gas, remain airtight. Proposed principal of Oxygen sensor in Biochip: The oxygen-sensing chip sends light pulses out into the body. The light is absorbed to varying extents, depending on how much oxygen is being carried in the blood, and the chip detects the light that is left. The rushes of blood pumped by the heart are also detected, so the same chip is a pulse monitor. 2. Biochip as an Blood Pressure sensor: In normal situations, The Blood Pressure of a healthy Human being is 120/80 mm of Hg. A Pressure ratio lower than this is said to be â€Å"Low BP â€Å" condition & A Pressure ratio more than this is â€Å"High BP† condition. Serious Effects will be reflected in humans during Low & High BP conditions; it may sometimes cause the death of a Person. Blood Pressure is checked with BP Apparatus in Hospitals and this is done only when the patient is abnormal. However, a continuous monitoring of BP is required in the aged people & Patients. A huge variety of hardware circuitry (sensors) is available in electronics to detect the flow of fluid. It’s always possible to embed this type of sensors into a biochip. An integration of Pressure (Blood Flow) detecting circuits with the Biochip can make the chip to continuously monitor the blood flow rate & when the pressure is in its low or high extremes it can be immediately informed through the reader hence to take up remedial measures. Typical Problem of Biochips: A Solution Proposed – The Lock: Problem before the world A chip implant would contain a person’s financial world, medical history, health care — it would contain his electronic life†. If cash no longer existed and if the world’s economy was totally chip oriented; — there would be a huge â€Å"black-market† for chips! Since there is no cash and no other bartering system, criminals would cut off hands and heads, stealing â€Å"rich-folks† chips. â€Å"It is very dangerous because once kidnappers get to know about these chips, they will skin people to find them,† (New York Times, June 20, 1999) The typical solutions won’t work well are already proposed by different people: The Biochip must retain data only if it is placed in a fluid medium like blood & not in any other medium. This technique is unsuitable for identification of dead bodies (murdered by the kidnappers) as it loses the data about the social security number. 3. The data in the Biochip must be erased if it is exposed to sunlight/air. This technique is unsuitable as transplantation of biochip from genuine to the fraud in darkness (by means of infrared light) or in the vacuum (by means of oxygen cylinders). And many such†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.!!!!!!!! Our key: The solution Proposed by me: A generic & existing model of Biochips consists of only ROM component in it and is capable of accommodating the data such as social security number, Passport number, bankcard number etc. , which are normally permanent in nature. The induction of RAM component in addition to ROM & storing the Bankcard, Financial details which causes the problem is a mere solution. As RAM needs to be continuously charged inorder to retain the data, Current can be supplied to the chip either from the electrical energy produced in the cells or by converting the heat energy in our body to electrical energy. Once if the chip is taken out from the human body RAM immediately loses the Power supply from the human body; thus information in the RAM is lost and therefore is useless for the kidnappers. However this technique will not affect the data in ROM i. e. Social security number that can be used to detect the address of the dead bodies that were unidentified. CONCLUSION The Cyber Future InfoTech will be implanted in our bodies. A chip implanted somewhere in human bodies might serve as a combination of credit card, passport, driver's license, personal diary. No longer would it be needed to worry about losing the credit cards while traveling. A chip inserted into human bodies might also give us extra mental power. The really fascinating idea is under fast track research â€Å"but we're close. † The day in which we have chips embedded in our skins is not too far from now. â€Å"This is science fiction stuff. † †This is a true example to prove science really starts s with fiction†. BIBLOGRAPHY:- www. mrgco. com www. anl. gov www. freepatentsonline. com Biochip [pic] (Life on a Chip) (PAPER UNDER THE THEME:†BIOCOMPUTING & INFORMATICS†) ABSTRACT â€Å"A single electronic card may replace everything in your wallet including. . . . . . your cash . . . your credit cards . . . your ATM card . . . your ID cards . . . your insurance . . . and your life FUTURE One card, or one chip, with your life on it. † â€Å"Biochips†-The most exciting future technology is an outcome of the fields of Computer science, Electronics & Biology. Its a new type of bio-security device to accurately track information regarding what a person is doing, and who is to accurately track information regarding what he is doing, and who is actually doing it. It’s no more required with biochips the good old idea of remembering pesky PINs, Passwords, & Social security numbers . No more matters of carrying medical records to a hospital, No more cash/credit card carrying to the market place; everything goes embedded in the chip†¦. Every thing goes digitalized. No more hawker tricks on the internet†¦.! Biochip has a variety technique for secured E-money transactions on the net. The power of biochips exists in capability of locating lost children, downed soldiers, and wandering Alzheimer patients. Our contributions to this paper lie in the aspects of â€Å"Implementation of Glucose detector in Biochips† †Implementation of Oxygen sensor in Biochips† 4. â€Å"Implementation of Blood pressure sensor in Biochips† 5. â€Å"Proposal of Solution for the typical theft problem faced by the Biochips† The four contributions have been discussed in detail with the proposed principles for implementation of the concepts. A simple ID chip is already walking around in tens of thousands of individuals, but all of them are pets. Companies such as AVID (Norco, Calif. ), Electronic ID, Inc. (Cleburne, TX. ), and Electronic Identification Devices, Ltd. (Santa Barbara, Calif. ) sell both the chips and the detectors. The chips are of the size of an uncooked grain of rice, small enough to be injected under the skin using a hypodermic syringe needle. They respond to a signal from the detector, held just a few feet away, by transmitting out an identification number. This number is then compared to database listings of registered pets. The Biochip tagging for humans has already started†¦Rush out for your tag!!!!! INTRODUCTION:- Biochips are any microprocessor chips that can be used in Biology. The biochip technology was originally developed in 1983 for monitoring fisheries, it’s use now includes, over 300 zoos, over 80 government agencies in at least 20 countries, pets (everything from lizards to dogs), electronic â€Å"branding† of horses, monitoring lab animals, fisheries, endangered wildlife, automobiles, garment tracking, hazardous waste, and humans. Biochips are â€Å"silently† inching into humans. For instance, at least 6 million medical devices, such as artificial body parts (prosthetic devices), breast implants, chin implants, etc. , are implanted in people each year. And most of these medical devices are carrying a â€Å"surprise† guest — a biochip. In 1993, the Food and Drug Administration passed the Safe Medical Devices Registration Act of 1993, requiring all artificial body implants to have â€Å"implanted† identification — the biochip. So, the yearly, 6 million recipients of prosthetic devices and breast implants are â€Å"biochipped†. To date, over 7 million animals have been â€Å"chipped†. The major biochip companies are A. V. I. D. (American Veterinary Identification Devices), Trovan Identification Systems, and Destron-Fearing Corporation. THE BIOCHIP TECHNOLOGY The current, in use, biochip implant system is actually a fairly simple device. Today’s, biochip implant is basically a small (micro) computer chip, inserted under the skin, for identification purposes. The biochip system is radio frequency identification (RFID) system, using low-frequency radio signals to communicate between the biochip and reader. THE BIOCHIP IMPLANT SYSTEM CONSISTS OF TWO COMPONENTS: [pic] |[pic]  Ã‚  Ã‚   | | |PERSPECTIVE OF | | |THE ACTUAL SIZE | THE TRANSPONDER: The transponder is the actual biochip implant. It is a passive transponder, meaning it contains no battery or energy of its own. In comparison, an active transponder would provide its own energy source, normally a small battery. Because the passive biochip contains no battery, or nothing to wear out, it has a very long life, up to 99 years, and no maintenance. Being passive, it's inactive until the reader activates it by sending it a low-power electrical charge. The reader â€Å"reads† or â€Å"scans† the implanted biochip and receives back data (in this case an identification number) from the biochip. The communication between biochip and reader is via low-frequency radio waves. The biochip transponder consists of four parts: 1. computer Microchip: The microchip stores a unique identification number from 10 to 15 digits long. The storage capacity of the current microchips is limited, capable of storing only a single ID number. AVID (American Veterinary Identification Devices), claims their chips, using an nnn-nnn-nnn format, has the capability of over 70 trillion unique numbers. The unique ID number is â€Å"etched† or encoded via a laser onto the surface of the microchip before assembly. Once the number is encoded it is impossible to alter. The microchip also contains the electronic circuitry necessary to transmit the ID number to the â€Å"reader†. 2. Antenna Coil: This is normally a simple, coil of copper wire around a ferrite or iron core. This is tiny primitive radio antenna â€Å"receives and sends† signals from the reader or scanner. 3. Tuning Capacitor: The capacitor stores the small electrical charge (less than 1/1000 of a watt) sent by the reader or scanner, which activates the transponder. This â€Å"activation† allows the transponder to send back the ID number encoded in the computer chip. Because â€Å"radio waves† are utilized to communicate between the transponder and reader, the capacitor is â€Å"tuned† to the same frequency as the reader. 4. Glass Capsule: The glass capsule â€Å"houses† the microchip, antenna coil and capacitor. It is a small capsule, the smallest measuring 11 mm in length and 2 mm in diameter, about the size of an uncooked grain of rice. The capsule is made of biocompatible material such as soda lime glass. After assembly, the capsule is hermetically (air-tight) sealed, so no bodily fluids can touch the electronics inside. Because the glass is very smooth and susceptible to movement, a material such as a polypropylene polymer sheath is attached to one end of the capsule. This sheath provides a compatible surface which the bodily tissue fibers bond or interconnect, resulting in a permanent placement of the biochip. BIOCHIP AND SYRINGE | |[pic] | The biochip is inserted into the subject with a hypodermic syringe. Injection is safe and simple, comparable to common vaccines. Anesthesia is not required nor recommended. In dogs and cats, the biochip is usually injected behind the neck between the shoulder blades. Trovan, Ltd. , markets an implant, featuring a patented â€Å"zip quill†, whi ch you simply press in, no syringe is needed. According to AVID â€Å"Once implanted, the identity tag is virtually impossible to retrieve. . The number can never be altered. † THE READER: The reader consists of an â€Å"exciter† coil which creates an electromagnetic field that, via radio signals, provides the necessary energy (less than 1/1000 of a watt) to â€Å"excite† or â€Å"activate† the implanted biochip. The reader also carries a receiving coil that receives the transmitted code or ID number sent back from the â€Å"activated† implanted biochip. This all takes place very fast, in milliseconds. The reader also contains the software and components to decode the received code and display the result in an LCD display. The reader can include a RS-232 port to attach a computer. WORKING OF A BIOCHIP: The reader generates a low-power, electromagnetic field, in this case via radio signals, which â€Å"activates† the implanted biochip. This â€Å"activation† enables the biochip to send the ID code back to the reader via radio signals. The reader amplifies the received code, converts it to digital format, decodes and displays the ID number on the reader's LCD display. The reader must normally be between 2 and 12 inches near the biochip to communicate. The reader and biochip can communicate through most materials, except metal. THE APPLICATIONS: 1. With a biochip tracing of a person/animal , anywhere in the world is possible: Once the reader is connected to the internet, satellite and a centralized database is maintained about the biochipped creatures, It is always possible to trace out the personality intended. 2. A biochip can store and update financial, medical, demographic data, basically everything about a person: An implanted biochip can be scanned to pay for groceries, obtain medical procedures, and conduct financial transactions. Currently, the in use, implanted biochips only store one 10 to 15 digits. If biochips are designed to accommodate with more ROM & RAM there is definitely an opportunity. A biochip leads to a secured E-Commerce systems : It’s a fact; the world is very quickly going to a digital or E-economy, through the Internet. It is expected that by 2008, 60% of the Business transactions will be performed through the Internet. The E-money future, however, isn't necessarily secure. The Internet wasn't built to be Fort Knox. In the wrong hands, this powerful tool can turn dangerous. Hackers have already broken into bank files that were 100% secure. A biochip is the possible solution to the â€Å"identification and security† dilemma faced by the digital economy. This type of new bio-security device is capable of accurately tracking information regarding what users are doing, and who are to accurately track information regarding what users are doing, and who is actually doing it. Biochips really are potent in replacing passports, cash, medical records: The really powered biochip systems can replace cash, passports, medical & other records! It’s no more required to carry wallet full cash, credit/ATM cards, passports & medical records to the market place. Payment system, authentication procedures may all be done by the means Biochips. 4. Medicinal implementations of Biochips : A New Era Proposed by us 1. Biochip as Glucose Detector : The Biochip can be integrated with a glucose detector. The chip will allow diabetics to easily monitor the level of the sugar glucose in their blood. Diabetics currently use a skin prick and a hand-held blood test, and then medicate themselves with insulin depending on the result. The system is simple and works well, but the need to draw blood means that most diabetics don't test themselves as often as they should. Although they may get away with this in the short term, in later life those who monitored infrequently suffer from blindness, loss of circulation, and other complications. The solution is more frequent testing, using a less invasive method. The biochip will sit underneath the skin, sense the glucose level, and send the result back out by radio-frequency communication. Proposed principle of Glucose detection: A light-emitting diode (LED) in the biochip starts off the detection process. The light that it produces hits a fluorescent chemical: one that absorbs incoming light and re-emits it at a longer wavelength. The longer wavelength of light is then detected, and the result is sent to a control panel outside the body. Glucose is detected because the sugar reduces the amount of light that the fluorescent chemical re-emits. The more glucose there is the less light that is detected. Biochip as Oxygen sensor: The biochip can also be integrated with an oxygen sensor . The oxygen sensor will be useful not only to monitor breathing in intensive care units, but also to check that packages of food, or containers of semiconductors stored under nitrogen gas, remain airtight. Proposed principal of Oxygen sensor in Biochip: The oxygen-sensing chip sends light pulses out into the body. The light is absorbed to varying extents, depending on how much oxygen is being carried in the blood, and the chip detects the light that is left. The rushes of blood pumped by the heart are also detected, so the same chip is a pulse monitor. 2. Biochip as an Blood Pressure sensor: In normal situations, The Blood Pressure of a healthy Human being is 120/80 mm of Hg. A Pressure ratio lower than this is said to be â€Å"Low BP â€Å" condition & A Pressure ratio more than this is â€Å"High BP† condition. Serious Effects will be reflected in humans during Low & High BP conditions; it may sometimes cause the death of a Person. Blood Pressure is checked with BP Apparatus in Hospitals and this is done only when the patient is abnormal. However, a continuous monitoring of BP is required in the aged people & Patients. A huge variety of hardware circuitry (sensors) is available in electronics to detect the flow of fluid. It’s always possible to embed this type of sensors into a biochip. An integration of Pressure (Blood Flow) detecting circuits with the Biochip can make the chip to continuously monitor the blood flow rate & when the pressure is in its low or high extremes it can be immediately informed through the reader hence to take up remedial measures. Typical Problem of Biochips: A Solution Proposed – The Lock: Problem before the world A chip implant would contain a person’s financial world, medical history, health care — it would contain his electronic life†. If cash no longer existed and if the world’s economy was totally chip oriented; — there would be a huge â€Å"black-market† for chips! Since there is no cash and no other bartering system, criminals would cut off hands and heads, stealing â€Å"rich-folks† chips. â€Å"It is very dangerous because once kidnappers get to know about these chips, they will skin people to find them,† (New York Times, June 20, 1999) The typical solutions won’t work well are already proposed by different people: The Biochip must retain data only if it is placed in a fluid medium like blood & not in any other medium. This technique is unsuitable for identification of dead bodies (murdered by the kidnappers) as it loses the data about the social security number. 3. The data in the Biochip must be erased if it is exposed to sunlight/air. This technique is unsuitable as transplantation of biochip from genuine to the fraud in darkness (by means of infrared light) or in the vacuum (by means of oxygen cylinders). And many such†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.!!!!!!!! Our key: The solution Proposed by me: A generic & existing model of Biochips consists of only ROM component in it and is capable of accommodating the data such as social security number, Passport number, bankcard number etc. , which are normally permanent in nature. The induction of RAM component in addition to ROM & storing the Bankcard, Financial details which causes the problem is a mere solution. As RAM needs to be continuously charged inorder to retain the data, Current can be supplied to the chip either from the electrical energy produced in the cells or by converting the heat energy in our body to electrical energy. Once if the chip is taken out from the human body RAM immediately loses the Power supply from the human body; thus information in the RAM is lost and therefore is useless for the kidnappers. However this technique will not affect the data in ROM i. e. Social security number that can be used to detect the address of the dead bodies that were unidentified. CONCLUSION The Cyber Future InfoTech will be implanted in our bodies. A chip implanted somewhere in human bodies might serve as a combination of credit card, passport, driver's license, personal diary. No longer would it be needed to worry about losing the credit cards while traveling. A chip inserted into human bodies might also give us extra mental power. The really fascinating idea is under fast track research â€Å"but we're close. † The day in which we have chips embedded in our skins is not too far from now. â€Å"This is science fiction stuff. † †This is a true example to prove science really starts s with fiction†. BIBLOGRAPHY:- www. mrgco. com www. anl. gov www. freepatentsonline. com

Free Essays on Shopping Mall!

Jeg kom nettopp inn dà ¸ra. I hà ¥nda har jeg en pose med noe nytt til skapet mitt, men var det egentlig verdt det? Litervis med svette, en bankkonto som halter pà ¥ feil side av den rà ¸de streken og et hode som kjennes ut som om det har gà ¥tt fem runder med Mike Tyson. Dagen begynte sà ¥ bra. Jeg và ¥knet av fuglekvitter i 11-tiden, og jeg fà ¸lte meg opplagt og glad med tanke pà ¥ at det ikke var skole fà ¸r om to dager. Jeg stod opp, tok en varm dusj, og kledde pà ¥ meg. Det var da det skjedde, det som skulle bli ytterst skjebnesvangert. Telefonen ringte, og en stemme som liret fra seg 12.000 ord i minuttet begynte à ¥ à ¸se sin taleflom ut over meg †Espen? Vi drar til Østoldhallen, kjempe mye folk der, kommer innom om 20 min.†. Det hà ¸rtes ut som Alexander pà ¥ syre, Alexander som snart skulle dà ¸, Alex med balla i glidelà ¥sen†¦ Jeg skjà ¸nte med en gang at her var det ikke tid til à ¥ ta det med ro. Med en fart Jesse Owens verdig, forflyttet jeg mitt veldige korpus fram og tilbake i huset med rakettfart, og jeg var akkurat ferdig à ¥ forberede meg da den sure lyden av hornet pà ¥ en 86-modell Peugot-206 là ¸d fortvilet i oppkjà ¸rselen. Jeg sprang ut av dà ¸ra, og hoppet inn i bilen. Alex trykket pà ¥ en knapp pà ¥ stereoanlegget sitt, og ikke fullt sà ¥ smekre toner là ¸d i bilen! med et desibelnivà ¥ som hadde gitt en erfaren DJ en ubestemmelig kulà ¸r i ansiktet, og jeg led†¦ Nà ¥r man sitter i en 15 à ¥r gammel bil pà ¥ 760 kg. med 132 hk. og en sjà ¥fà ¸r med 2 dagers erfaring, som tror han er guds gave til alt og alle, pà ¥ speilblank is, er ikke den eneste risikoen man ser i à ¸ynene faren for à ¥ bli totalt dà ¸v†¦ Etter 20 minutter med intenst nervekjà ¸r ankom vi Østfoldhallen, og da jeg hadde klart à ¥ presse hjertet ned der det hà ¸rer hjemme, steg jeg ut av bilen med livet i behold†¦ Da vi gikk inn i helvetes porter kjente jeg det som alle kjà ¸pesentere har felles, nemlig intens varme. Hvilken psykologisk faktor som ligger bak denne fo... Free Essays on Shopping Mall! Free Essays on Shopping Mall! Jeg kom nettopp inn dà ¸ra. I hà ¥nda har jeg en pose med noe nytt til skapet mitt, men var det egentlig verdt det? Litervis med svette, en bankkonto som halter pà ¥ feil side av den rà ¸de streken og et hode som kjennes ut som om det har gà ¥tt fem runder med Mike Tyson. Dagen begynte sà ¥ bra. Jeg và ¥knet av fuglekvitter i 11-tiden, og jeg fà ¸lte meg opplagt og glad med tanke pà ¥ at det ikke var skole fà ¸r om to dager. Jeg stod opp, tok en varm dusj, og kledde pà ¥ meg. Det var da det skjedde, det som skulle bli ytterst skjebnesvangert. Telefonen ringte, og en stemme som liret fra seg 12.000 ord i minuttet begynte à ¥ à ¸se sin taleflom ut over meg †Espen? Vi drar til Østoldhallen, kjempe mye folk der, kommer innom om 20 min.†. Det hà ¸rtes ut som Alexander pà ¥ syre, Alexander som snart skulle dà ¸, Alex med balla i glidelà ¥sen†¦ Jeg skjà ¸nte med en gang at her var det ikke tid til à ¥ ta det med ro. Med en fart Jesse Owens verdig, forflyttet jeg mitt veldige korpus fram og tilbake i huset med rakettfart, og jeg var akkurat ferdig à ¥ forberede meg da den sure lyden av hornet pà ¥ en 86-modell Peugot-206 là ¸d fortvilet i oppkjà ¸rselen. Jeg sprang ut av dà ¸ra, og hoppet inn i bilen. Alex trykket pà ¥ en knapp pà ¥ stereoanlegget sitt, og ikke fullt sà ¥ smekre toner là ¸d i bilen! med et desibelnivà ¥ som hadde gitt en erfaren DJ en ubestemmelig kulà ¸r i ansiktet, og jeg led†¦ Nà ¥r man sitter i en 15 à ¥r gammel bil pà ¥ 760 kg. med 132 hk. og en sjà ¥fà ¸r med 2 dagers erfaring, som tror han er guds gave til alt og alle, pà ¥ speilblank is, er ikke den eneste risikoen man ser i à ¸ynene faren for à ¥ bli totalt dà ¸v†¦ Etter 20 minutter med intenst nervekjà ¸r ankom vi Østfoldhallen, og da jeg hadde klart à ¥ presse hjertet ned der det hà ¸rer hjemme, steg jeg ut av bilen med livet i behold†¦ Da vi gikk inn i helvetes porter kjente jeg det som alle kjà ¸pesentere har felles, nemlig intens varme. Hvilken psykologisk faktor som ligger bak denne fo...

The Alternative Medical Treatments Essays

The Alternative Medical Treatments Essays The Alternative Medical Treatments Paper The Alternative Medical Treatments Paper Essay Topic: Medical Much information concerning alternative medicine is readily available on the internet for anyone who may be interested, however, the question remains whether or not this abundance of information is reliable and accurate or pure quackery. The websites being evaluated in this article are http://altmed. od. nig. gov and www. alternativemedicine. com. The differences between these two websites are a perfect illustration that one must be cautious and critical of all information obtained via the internet. The National Institute of Health’s website, http://altmed. od. nig. gov, is a good example of a reliable and well-informed source of knowledge. The website clearly denotes contact and sponsorship information on their homepage. It is extremely clear where one would call, email or write if there were questions, problems or concerns. Moreover, it clearly states that one should not use the information obtained by this website to seek therapy or treatment without talking to a doctor or health care provider. It also defines what NCCAM (National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine) is, what they do and who with whom they are affiliated. Additionally, by clicking on a topic one can easily obtain very specific and well-credentialed background of the director of the program. The entire website is detail oriented, factual and well documented. It is up-to-date as the website says that it was â€Å"last modified 8/24/01. † The NCCAM website was also extremely user friendly (good graphics, well divided subject headings) and easy to maneuver. Overall, this website was an excellent source of information for students, researchers or anyone interested in information on alternative medicine. In contrast to the NCCAM website was www. alternativemedicine. com, â€Å"The Voice of Health. † I found this website rather amusing as it was very obvious that information was not at all based on reliable, research-based material. This is definitely the perfect example of information sources that one should be very cautious. As far as I could ascertain, there was no real authorship of the articles or the information blurbs. Once in awhile Dr. So-and-so would be quoted but the reader had no idea who Dr. So-and-so was (and whether or not he is a real doctor. ) The only biographical information (and picture) was of the president of the company, but there were no specific credentials, professional affiliations, or qualifications that would make him someone that you would want to take medical advice from. Not only was the CEO’s information vague, but so was the contact information for the company itself. No phone number or email address was listed, just an address. The best part of the website, in my opinion, was after you had chosen a specific health condition or problem, a box popped up for you to enter your zip code in so you could find a practitioner in your local area to help you. What a convenience This is a stark contrast to the NCCAM website, which advises the consumer to consult a health care provider before subscribing to any of the therapies. The graphics and maneuverability of the website, however, were good and easy to use. Overall, this website was not a reliable source of information and I would definitely be very hesitant to believe the information it provided. Both of these websites are useful in understanding and realizing the fact that just because information is on the internet does not make it true. The NCCAM is a proven example of a resource that one could use to augment their knowledge on a variety of Complementary and Alternative Medicine. It contains research data, facts and reliable information. In contrast, www. alternativemedicine. com is a prime example of what internet users should be wary of, a site that contains little or no factual information and was definitely NOT â€Å"The Voice of Health. † The internet is definitely a great source of information and learning but, as evidenced, one should always evaluate and be critical of what one reads and sees.

How to Know If Youve Got Fire Ants

How to Know If You've Got Fire Ants Red imported fire ants defend their nests aggressively and can sting repeatedly. Their venom causes a severe burning and itching sensation, and in rare cases, may trigger a life-threatening allergic reaction. Red imported fire ants can put people and pets at risk for stings, and impact wildlife populations. If youve got fire ants, you may need to treat your property to eliminate them. Before you rush out for some fire ant killer, though, you should be sure youve got fire ants. Ants play an important role in the ecosystem, and you dont want to kill the wrong kind. To identify red imported fire ants, look at three things: their physical features, the ant nest, and the way the ants behave. Differentiating Fire Ants from Other Ant Species Look for the following traits to identify red imported fire ants: Nodes: Fire ants, whether native or imported, have two nodes at the constricted waist between the thorax and abdomen.Antennal clubs: The antennae of fire ants (genus Solenopsis) consist of 10 segments, with a two-segment club.Small size: Red imported fire ant workers measure just 1.5 mm to 4 mm.Size variation: Red imported fire ant workers vary in size according to caste.Color: Red imported fire ants are reddish brown, and the abdomen is darker than the rest of the body.Standard proportion: The heads of red imported fire ants will never be wider than their abdomens in any worker caste. It can be difficult to differentiate red imported fire ants from native fire ant species. We recommend collecting several ants from a suspected fire ant colony and taking them to your local extension office for confirmation. Identifying Red Imported Fire Ant Nests Fire ants live underground, in tunnels and chambers which they construct. When conditions are right for breeding, they expand their nests above ground. Looking at the construction of these mounds can help you identify red imported fire ant nests. Imported fire ant mounds tend to be constructed of loose, crumbly soil. They resemble the piles left behind by digging gophers.Mounds usually appear in spring or fall, or after cool, wet weather when breeding conditions are best.Unlike those of native ants, red imported fire ant mounds do not have an opening in the center. The ants enter the mound from tunnels below ground level.Red imported fire ant mounds usually measure up to 18 in diameter, but will often be considerably smaller.Fire ants build mounds in open, sunny locations.When the mound is disturbed, the white brood will be visible. The larvae and pupae may look like grains of white rice in the soil. Fire Ant Behavior Fire ants are the hotheads of the ant world. You may be able to identify fire ants by observing their behavior. Fire ants defend their nests aggressively. Any disturbance of the nest will elicit a quick response, with dozens of fire ant workers storming from the nest to do battle.Fire ants will typically climb vertical surfaces when disturbed. Look for fire ant workers on tall grasses or other surfaces around the mound. Of course, one sure fire way to find out if theyre fire ants or not is to get stung (not recommended)! Fire ant venom causes an intense burning sensation. Within 24-28 days, the sting sites will form white pustules. If youve been stung by fire ants, youll know it.

Privacy as a Basic Individual Right Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Privacy as a Basic Individual Right - Essay Example However, privacy runs through out the constitution in the 27 amendments. Regardless of the purpose of the act or legislation, it has an effect on the privacy of an individual. (Yero, 2006). Most scholars of the law interpret the ninth amendment to mean that certain rights of the individual though not exclusively described in the bill of rights need to be protected. The privacy right, therefore, extends to anonymity, security and bodily integrity. Dignity and respect are the fundamental principles that define the need for privacy. To argue my point, I will look at a controversial aspect of human beings that is life and death. The controversy of life and death in regard to invasion or restriction to privacy can be seen in the following situations; prisoners on death row, euthanasia, abortion and termination of medical treatment. Euthanasia: this is the intentional inducement of death at the request of the victim (person dying). Persons seek euthanasia because they need to be relieved f rom dire pain or want a dignified exit from the world if they are for instance in a gross, non reversible state. In past cases, the courts gave rulings in support of rule utilitarian utterly disregarding act utilitarian. However, the interference of human rights activities in the situation has led to considerations on the matter (McDougall, 2008). Case study: Britain, 1992, Dr Cox faced prosecution for allegedly performing Euthanasia. The patient, Mrs. Boyes, aside from being terminally ill was in excruciating pain. To end her suffering, she requested her doctor to end her life. During court proceedings, the argument on whether or not the patient had the right to request death and the doctor’s jurisdiction on the matter took centre stage. The prosecution argued that the patient was in pain, making delusional and, therefore, prone to make life threatening decisions. In response to this claim, the family said the patient was sane hence her decision to choose death instead of li ving in pain. From the above case, the question of personal liberties springs up. Do individuals have the personal liberty to take their own life at will? Are there exceptional circumstances where the law allows an individual to die? The patient wanted to die with dignity, she also expected her doctor to respect her decision to die and finally, to maintain her bodily integrity. Closer home; there is the Quinlan vs. Missouri State case. In 1975, Ann Quinlan went into a coma that reduced her to a vegetative state. Her parents legally took up the role of making decisions for her. Ann’s parents were Catholics (privacy of beliefs, 1st Amendment) (Yero, 2006) in which case they believed in the sanctity of life but not in living by support of artificial means. In view of this, they decided that Ann should not be on life support machines. The state challenged the parents stand, but the courts ruled in favor of Ann’s parents, therefore, respecting their religious stand. Contrad ictions: Jurisdictions impinge upon an individual’s right to privacy on the matter of life and death. The American law describes mercy killings as criminal homicide despite personal liberties. So where is the contradiction? The state of Oregon for instance passed the assisted suicide and Death with Dignity Act making euthanasia a personal liberty. In Texas, the Advance Directives Act Section 166.046 affords medical and health care facilities the right to terminate life-sustaining treatment in cases where continued treatment is futile. Therefore, in

Challenges, solutions, benefits Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Challenges, solutions, benefits - Essay Example The reason for the many complications in patient’s condition is the inability of staff to recognize significant changes on the physical condition of the patient: breathing, skin colour, etc. In 2004, the Institute of Healthcare Improvement (IHI), in line with its 100,000 lives campaign, â€Å"encouraged American hospitals to implement rapid response teams (RRTs) (20). The major purpose of RRT is to preclude the possibility of deaths outside the intensive care unit (ICU) by â€Å"providing a resource team that can be called to a patient’s bedside† (21) all the time. As a matter of fact, a patient’s baseline condition starts to aggravate for an average 6.5 hours before a much more critical situation could occur; and what is more interesting is that 70% of these conditions can be prevented. The early detection of the possible signs of attacks by an RRT could do a lot to reduce the number of deaths and the rate of transferring patient to higher levels of care . RRT intervention has contributed to 50% decrease on the number of cardiac arrest cases outside the intensive care unit; the rate of transfer of patient to the ICU was decreased by 58%; and deaths due to operative complications were reduced to 37%. An RRT is an immediate response team that may be composed of the following: (1) physician and nurse; (2) intensivist and respiratory therapist; (3) physician assistant alone; (4) a critical care nurse and respiratory therapist; or (5) a clinical specialist alone.